IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


Jj8     |2.5 
itt  l&i    122 

S   IAS    12.0 
IIRIIHI 

ttUb 

'1.4    11.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WiST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SE0 

(716)873-4503 


^^.     4#^^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHJVI/ICiVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductlons  historiques 


:\ 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notat/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 
D 


n 


0 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I    Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  endommagAa 


Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurte  at/ou  paliiculAa 


□   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 
La 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I      I    Colourad  mapa/ 


Cartas  g^ographiquas  Btx  coulaur 


□    Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encre  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 

I      I   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrations/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Ralit  avac  d'autraa  documanta 

I  ight  binding  may  cauaa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  re  iiura  sarrAe  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  int^riaura 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 

II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutias 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaiaaent  dana  la  taxte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  Atait  poasibia.  ces  pagea  n'ont 
pas  6x6  filmtes. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  meillaur  axamplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  it*  poaaibia  da  ae  procurer.  Las  ditaiis 
da  cat  exemplaire  qui  sent  peut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vue  bibliographiqua.  qui  pauvant  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mithoda  normala  de  filmage 
aont  indiquis  ri-daasous. 


r~n   Coloured  pagea/ 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pagea  andommagias 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurias  at/ou  palliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dicolorias,  tacheties  ou  piquias 


I — I   Pagea  damaged/ 

[~~|   Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~7\   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 


The 
tot 


□Pages  detached/ 
Pages  dAtachies 


The 
pos 
of 
film! 


Ori( 
bag 
tha 
sioi 
othi 
first 
slor 
or  i 


1/ 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I   Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  material  suppMmantaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  idition  disponibia 


Tha 
tha 
TIN 
whi 

Mai 
diff( 
•nti 
bag 
righ 
raqi 
met 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiallement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  iti  filmies  A  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meiileure  image  possible. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


Irregular  pagination  :   [1]  •  96,  [103]  - 109  p. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  f  ilmi  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous 

10X                            14X                            18X                            22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

MX 

28X 

32X 

re 

Atalla 

Tha  copy  filmed  hare  has  baan  raproducad  thanks 

L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grice  i  la 

M  du 

to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

g^nAroait*  da: 

nodifier 

Stminary  of  Qutb«c 

SAminairt  dt  QuAbtc 

ir  un« 

Library 

Bibliothiqut 

ilmage 

Tha  images  appearing  here  ere  the  best  quelity 

Lea  imsges  suiventes  ont  4tA  reproduites  avoc  le 

possible  considering  the  condition  end  legibility 

plus  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  de  le  condition  at 

of  the  original  copy  and  In  keeping  with  the 

de  le  nettet*  de  I'exempleire  film*,  at  an 

filming  contract  specifications. 

conformit*  evec  les  conditions  du  contrst  de 
filmege. 

Original  copies  in  printed  peper  covers  ore  filmed 

Les  exempleires  originoux  dont  le  couvartura  en 

beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 

pepier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commanyant 

the  last  pege  with  e  printed  or  illustreted  Impres* 

per  le  premier  plet  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 

sion,  or  the  back  cover  when  epproprlete.  All 

darnlAre  pege  qui  comports  une  emprainte 

other  originel  copies  sre  filmed  beginning  on  the 

d'Impression  ou  d'illustrstion.  soit  par  la  second 

first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustreted  impres- 

plat, salon  le  ces.  Tous  les  sutras  axamplairas 

sion,  and  ending  on  the  lest  pege  with  e  printed 

originsux  sont  film^s  en  commengant  par  la 

BS 

or  illustrated  impression. 

pramidre  page  qui  comporta  una  emprainte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darniire  page  qui  comporta  una  telle 
empreinte. 

The  last  recorded  freme  on  eech  microfiche 
shell  contain  the  symbol  — »■  (meening  "CON- 
TINUED").  or  the  symbol  V  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  epplies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  mey  be  filmed  et 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  lerge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  frames  es 
required.  The  following  diegrems  illustrate  the 
method: 


Un  dea  aymboles  suivsnts  apparaltra  sur  la 
darniire  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  salon  la 
ces:  le  symbols  — *>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  certes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  pauvant  hue 
filmis  A  das  taux  da  raduction  diffarents. 
Lorsqua  la  document  est  trop  grand  pour  itre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filma  6  partir 
de  i'engle  supArieur  gauche,  de  geuche  A  droita. 
et  de  heut  en  bos,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'imagea  nAcasseire.  ilea  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrant  le  mithode. 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

t 

2 

'       3   : 

4 

6 

6 

I 


■^ 


9t«'^pp**' 


■*i'i.j\ 


,.»*■,  jr*   •«   ■••  , 


K    i' 


1    ; 


j^ir^iT'iifjiiE 


■BW  tWIglSlgCJ 


VITA   l>J'*NA    rfAll-fcK     I'KUPiCTt:\. 


*  -I 


it*- 


,v 


4 


t: 


A/y 


TBB. 


PICTURE 


OP 


aUEBEC: 


■m 


LMidabaAt  alii,  eUuram  Bhodon— 
AmEiAMMo;  bimariive  CormlliS 


Sunt  qufbaiiiiiiim  opus  ctt—Palladif  vImbi 
Camuiie  perpctuo  celebrare— 

.^Hi^r.  JWww    BWBp* 


p-^ 


vxw-toim; 
BOUBNE. 

DSPOSITORT  09  A&TS^ 
BBOADWAT. 

1830. 


^.-/ 


/Southern  DiMrict  of  KeW'YorIc,  ss. 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  that  on  the  23a  day  of  July, 
A.  D.  1829,  in  the  ^4th  yaar  ofthe  independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  O.  'Mracsham  Bounie,  of  the  said  district,  has 
deposited  in  this  office,  \he  title  of  a  book,  the  right  whereof  he 
claims  as  proprietor,  in  the  words  following  to  wit : 

The  Picture  of  Quebec— Xaudahunt  alii,claram  Rhodon — aut 
Epheson ;  bimarisve  Corinthi  Moenia — Sunt  quibus  ununi 
opus  est, — Palladia  urbem^armine  perpetuo  celebraro — me 
iiec  tam. 

In  conformity  to  the  act  of  Congi-ess  of  tlw  Unifeed  States,  en- 
titled, "An  act  for  the  encouragement  of  feamiti  5,  by  securing 
the  coi^a  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  aitfhors  and  pro- 
prietors of  such  copies,  daring  the  time  therein  mentioned.'* 
And  also  to  an  act,  entitled  "  An  act,  6m)ple»pntary  to  an  Act, 
entitled  an  act  f  or  the  encouragement  ot  ieartiin|f,  by  securirag 
the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  pro- 
prietors of  such  copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned,  and 
(  xtendin gth etbonefi to  t haronf - tathe.art&of  designing,  engraving, 
and  etching  historical  and  other  prints." 

FRED.  J.  BRTTS, 
Clark  nfthe  Southern  District  of  A> /#.  y«»r/;. 


«"  ,■-' 


NOT 


....  <  t^- 


t  .  ■ . 


This  volume  k  intended  to  supply  a  desideratum  • 
in  the  Northern  Tourist's  Library.     Long  has  it 
been  a  just  complaint,  that  unexpected  difficulties 
are  realized  by  strangers  in  exploring  the  curiosities 
of  the  far-famed  Canadian  Fortn  u ,  and  its  vicinity. 

The  requisite  information  is  now  furnished  in  re- 
ference to  every  novel  object,  which  Travellers  in- 
clude in  their  research. 


A>t#.yorA-,  3fat/ii  1829. 


1 

1 


n»1*.rtfcf«»»«»<»«« 


THE  ENGRAVINGS. 


1.  Vignette  Title  Page. 

2.  Quebec  from    Point  Lev 

3.  Quebec  Dnvmg  Club. 

4.  Castle  of  St.  Lewis. 

5.  Parliament  House. 

6.  Catholic  Church. 

7.  Episcopal  Church. 

8.  Presbyterian  Church. 

9.  Trinity  Chapel. 

0.  St.  John's  Chapel. 

1.  Methodist  Chapel. 

2.  St.  Koch's  Church. 

3.  Court  House. 

4.  General  Hospital. 

5.  New  Exchange. 

6.  Episcopal    Church,  Point 

7.  Map  of  Quebec. 


Levi. 


\ 


t:- 


<jm   *    III  »ii 


■I 


> 


■'X„ 


Ti. 


P] 


1.  Ti 

curate  c 
close  to 
to  Mour 
observei 
|— on  th( 
I  op — anc 
del,  witl 
munica 
jects  of 

2.  Q 

Quebec 
ly  in  re 
jomit  thi 
[other  p( 
renders 
jele  vatic 
river,  a 
quity,  fi 
to  all  til 
spicuity 
Ontl 
length 
^borea  £ 


■T' 


iikmtamHk»iUii4    ihmIiiWki  ^"i ~;^««^».^ 


:% 


^ 
k 


Li 


PICTURE   OP  QUEBEC 


THE  xoroBAl^xiros. 


1.  The  ViGNEiTE.— The  Vignette  contains  Ah  ac- 
curate delineation  of  a  picturesque  scene.  Standing 
close  to  the  wall  of  the  Goviemor's  garden,  opposite 
to  Mount  Carmel  street,  the  grand  object  before  the 
observer  is  the  Monument  to  Wolfe  and  Montcalm 
—on  the  left  is  the  residence  of  the  Protestatit  bish- 
iop — and  above  it,  the'  north-eafet  an^le  of  the  cita- 
del, with  the  flag-staff  and  telegraphic  nautical  com- 
municator—whence proceeding  westerly,  all  the  ob- 
jects of  vision  are  successively  depicted. 


2.  QitTEBEC.^ — Visitors  who  al*^  alixioiis  to  befiold 
Quebec  in  its  most  impressive  display,  and  especial- 
ly in  reference  to  its  ca^ellated  exterior,  ^ouid  not 
omit  the  survey  from  Poitit  Levi,*    In  alihost  eVery 
other  position  the  view  is  partial ;  or  the  di^ance 
renders  the  scene  comparatively  indistinct-^buf  the' 
elevation  of  the  summit  on  the  easterri  bank  of  the' 
river,  above  the  church,  combined  t^ith  its  JJrdphi- 
quitv,  for  the  interval  is  scatrcely  one  iihile,  gitei^ 
to  all  the  prominent  ob^ts  their  proportionate  pet^ 
spicuity. 

On  the  left,  the  La^i^ertcfe  thay  betrAi^eJfcirsbrti^' 
length  towards  the  south-west;  With  the  i^pddtfe^ 
«borea  and  shipping  coves,  which  ^re  the  chief  i^ 


mi 


m 


m 


f: 


.:^ 


%#«•»:>- 


I 


6 

poeitories  of  the  imtnense  masses  of  timber  tliai  are 
floated  down  the  river  for  exportation.  The  Plaiius 
of  Abraham,  where  the  decisive  battle  was  fought 
between  the  English  and  French  armies,  and  in 
which  both  the  generals,  Wolfe  and  Montcalm,  clo- 
sed tlieir  military  career,  defended  by  the  Martello 
towers,  are  next  discernible — and  the  verdure  on  the 
top  is  beautifully  contrasted  with  the  wild,  rugged 
and  barren  exterior  of  the  precipitous  descent.  Un- 
derneath, the  wharves,  stores  ana  habitations  assume 
the  appearance  of  regularity^-until,  at  Diamond 
Cove,  the  docks  exhibit  the  ships  in  continuous  suc- 
cession to  the  north-east  extremity  of  the  lower  town. 
A  distinguished  object  in  the  upper  part  of  this 
view,  is  the  railway  extending  from  the  acme  of  the 
Cape  to  the  wharf.  To  the  observer  on  the  river, 
or  on  the  eastern  shore,  the  opposite  movements  of 
the  carts,  as  they  pass  up  and  down,  gives  a  pecu- 
Uar  Uveliness  to  the  scene.         -^     '  '    •   '   - 

On  the  top  of  the  hill,  near  the  machinery,  ap- 
pears the  unfinished  parapet  of  the  citadel,  proceed- 
ing on  the  brow  of  the  Cape,  northerly  to  the  flag- 
{^taff— wlience  the  descent  is  abruj)t,  to  the  wall 
which  surrounds  the  Governor's  garden,  extending 
to  the  castle  of  St.  Lewis.  To  the  right  ot  whicli, 
are  seen  in  order,  the  steeples  of  the  Episcopal  and 
Catholic  churches,  and  of  the  seminary — and  in  im- 
mediate front,  adjoining  the  wall  considerably  below 
the  Chateau,  is  the  Paniament  House — whence  the 
wall  of  the  city  is  prolonged  without  interruption, 
being  the  site  of  the  Grand  Battery ;  which  gradu- 
ally diminishes  in  height  to  the  Artillery  Barracks 
(^n  the  west,  where  the  fortifications  towards  the  riv 
fr  Charles',  on  the  northwest,  terminate. 


Thk  military  display  becomes  more  imposing 
iVom  its  contrasts.  The  base  of  the  stone  parapet 
towers  upon  the  summit  of  the  high  rocky  projec- 
tion, which  is  nearly  perpendicufer  and  bare ;  ex- 
cept where  a  few  low  pines  and  coarse  shrubs  be- 
speak the  sterility  of  the  decomposed  stones  among 
which  they  have  germinated.  Of  a  dark  embrown- 
ed hue,  the  rock  exhibits  enormous  masses  of  con- 
crete strata,  which,  to  the  distant  observer,  seem 
ready  every  moment  to  be  precipitated  upon  the 
thoughtless,  insecure  citizens  beneath,  over  whose 
habitations  they  appear  to  be  suspended  in  the  air. 

The  dreariness  of  this  rugged  portion  of  the  land- 
scape is  instantly  relieved,  as  the  eye  glances  along 
the  river.  Of  the  buildings  in  immediate  front  be- 
low, none  peculiarly  arrest  attention  except  the 
King's  Warehouse,  and  the  New  Exchange  at  the 
extremity  of  the  north  east  point.  Thence  the  ob- 
server explores  partially  the  course  of  the  suburbs, 
with  all  the  environs  of  the  city  to  the  west  and 
north,  as  circumscribed  by  the  hills  above  Lorette, 
Charlebourg,  Beauport,  and  the  Falls  of  Montmo- 
renci,  and  also  the  prospect  towards  the  east  and 
south.  • 

i     ■ 

3.  Quebec  Driving  Cldb. — This  is  a  character- 
istic view  of  the  place  d'Armes  in  the  winter,  and 
of  the  citizens  in  their  exterior  appearance.  A 
number  of  gentlemen,  some  years  since,  formed  an 
association  to  exhibit  the  Canadian  Cariole,  who 
usually  hold  a  weekly  meeting  for  their  display,  and 
parade  in  the  Place  d'Armes,  before  the  Castle  Yard. 
The  middle  and  larger  part  of  the  area  issurround- 
«d  with  a  chain  fence,  affording  the  usual  width  of 

A  2 


I'M 


I 


a  carriage  track  between  the  toot  walks  and  the  ui 
closure. 

For  flafety  it  is  essential  that  the  level  ground] 
should  be  definitely  marked,  that  neither  foot  tra- 
vellers nor  horses  and  ciariole^  should  be  unexpect- 
edly buried  amid  the  beds  of  deep  snow.  HenceJ 
branches  of  evergreens  are  fixed  at  very  short  dis-j 
tances,  so  as  to  be  perceptible  in  the  darkest  nights, 
to  limit  the  traveller's  course,  that  he  may  not  w  in-f 
gulphed  in  the  drifts  on  the  side  of  the  road.  The 
Place  d'Armes  is  therefore  represented  as  filled  with 
these  beaconF,  to  direct  the  transverse  foot  paths 
within  the  chains,  and  the  routes  for  cariolea  without] 
the  fence. 

The  view  was  taken  from  the  Guard  House  of 
the  Castle,  at  the  precise  time  when  the  Driving! 
Club  were  waiting  lor  the  Governor  to  appear  and 
head  the  train.  In  front,  on  the  right,  the  conspic- 
uous primaiy  objecl  of  notice  is  a  genuine  Canadian 
curiosity — a  boy  on  a  low  sled,  clraT*;n  witli  great 
vivacity  and  moderate  apced  by  a  dog  trained  to  the 
harness.  The  ladies  and  gentlemen  iii  t}:e  Cari- 
oles  are  denicted  in  their  usual  habilimerits — fur 
caps,  overall  coats,  or  cloaks  and  shawls,  muffs  and 
fur  gloves,  prepared  to  defy  equally  the  »iow  stomij 
from  the  east,  or  the  freezer  from  the  west. 

The  trees  are  at  the  north  corner  of  the  yard,  sur- 
rounding the  Episcoml  Church,  the  east  front  of] 
which  ip  exhibited.    Towards  the  south,  next  stands | 
the  east  wing  of  the  Court  House,  and  on  the  ex- 
treme left  the  end  of  Louis  street.    Between  the| 
Episcopal  Church  and  the  Court  house  in  the  rear, 
appears  part  of  Garden  street,  adjoining  the  Ursu 
line  Nunnery. 


O' 


Colonel  Boucliette  thus  lucidly  delineates  iTi^' 
liver  scenery  from  December  to  April.  "Inalntbst. 
any  weather  the  Habitans  will  cross  thfe  LawirenCe 
in  their  large  and  stroni^  canoee,  which  are  ilfmn- 
aged  with  great  dexterity,  and  sometimes  carry 
eight  passengers  besides  the  men  who  work  them. 
When  large  masses  of  ice  are  floatiti;^  ivith  the  tide, 
and  a  strong  breeze,  the  passage  is  laborious,  and 
apparently  hazardous,  yet  seldom  has  a  fatal  acci- 
dent happened.  They  are  frequently  driven  leagues 
out  of  their  course,  in  heavy  snow  storms,  ignorant 
of  their  situation,  but  they  generally  arrive  at  their 
destined  place.  The  boatmen  are  provided  with 
strong  ropes,  and  poles  hooked  with  iron  for  grap- 
pling the  ice.  When  a  large  sheet  of  ice  opposes 
their  progress,  by  means  of  the  poles  and  ropes,  the 
men  hoist  the  canoe  upon  it,  and  drag  it,  with  the 
cargo,  which  is  firmly  t>ecured,  until  they  find  a  con- 
venient opening  to  launch  it ;  atid  then  vnth  their 
paddles  they  proceed  until  they  are  intercepted  by 
another  flat,  upon  which  it  is  again  hoisted,  and 
thus  they  continue  their  toilsome  alternations  until 
they  reach  the  shore.  Often  while  forcing  their  ca- 
noe over  a  field  of  ice,  it  breaks  beneath  them^-and 
in  pursuing  their  course  through  a  narrow  channel 
of  water  between  two  masses,  the  ice  frequently 
unites;  but  at  the  moment  when  a  stranger  would 
imagine  the  canoe  must  be  shivered  to  atoms  in  the 
collision,  by  means  of  their  poles,  the  men  skilfully 
contrive  to  make  the  pressure  of  the  ice  so  to  act 
upon  the  keel,  as  to  heave  it  updn  the  surface.  In 
this  laborious  employment  they  are  amazingly  stea- 
dv :  from  habit,  unapprehensive  oi'  danger ;  and  ^A- 

A   a 


km 

■><■  ■  m% 


I.Vj'' 


J.-  J'i:* 


lO 


most  iiisensible  to  the  intense  severity  of  the  wiiiter'i 
cold." 

Formerly,  the  Lawrence  was  frozen  over  every 
winter,  now  several  seasons  interyene  between  the 
formation  of  the  glacial  bridge,  or  pont.  The  south  - 
ern  channel  below  the  bay  is  never  closed,  but  the 
north  branch  is  annually  congealed ;  which  admits 
a  direct  carriage  communication  during  about  ten 
Aveeks,  from  the  island  of  Orleans  to  Quebec. 


■.y;',V 


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'Mifftm— iiiw.iio'i. 


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n  > 

THE  RIVBR  IbflL' 


7«lr»  d» 


■»>%'»* 


Thej  shores  of  the  Lawrence,  from  the  bay  above 
Montreal  to  a  considerable  distance  east  of  Quebec, 
swarm  with  people — for  a  large  majority  of  the  in- 
habitants of  Lower  Canada  reside  adjacent  to  each 
other,  and  within  a  short  distance  of  the  banks  of 
the  stream.  Few  interruptions  of  uncleared  wood- 
land intervene  throughout  the  whole  journey  from 
Montreal  to  Quebec,  so  that  the  habitations  on  both 
sides  of  the  river  form  almost  one  protracted  street ; 
with  groupes  of  houses  varying  in  number,  around, 
or  in  the'  vicinity  of  the  churches,  which  are  gene- 
rally erected  within  sight  of  the  floating  passengers, 
except  on  Lake  Peter.  They  are  from  six  to  nine 
miles  distant  from  each  other,  and  many  of  them 
are  prominent  objects  to  enliven  and  embelUsh  the 

otherwise  attractive,  and  to  a  stranger,  novel  scene- 
ry, '        ,  '-.tStl    •  ■  •       .,    . 

Montreal  at  present  is  the  largest  and  most  popu- 
lous city  of  Canada,  and  more  real  mercantile  busi- 
ness is  transacted  in  it,  than  in  the  sea-port.  Its  ex- 
terior aspect  is  also  more  modernized ;  and  although 
to  a  traveller  who  is  anxious  to  view  either  natural 
curiosities  or  antiquated  memorials,  it  does  not  equal 
Quebec,  yet  it  combines  various  objects  worthy  of 
notice.  Some  of  the  public  buildings  are  beauti- 
ful— the  monument  to  Nelson  merits  actual  survey 
—and  the  Nunneries,  which  may  be  visited  by  an 
application  to  the  resident  Bishop,  also  claim  in- 

A  4 


10 


V 


spection.  From  the  opposite  shore  of  the  river,  and 
in  the  steam-boat  descending  from  La  Prairie,  the 
perspex5tive  view  of*  the  city  is  highly  agreeable  and 
imposing — and  a  delicious  landscape  is  beheld  from 
the  summit  of  the  western  Mount,  which  is  two 
hundred  yards  above  the  river.    Hence  the  pros- 

Eect  to  the  south  is  apparently  circumscribed  only 
y  the  feebleness  of  the  or^ns,  which  preclude  the 
distinct  vision  of  the  magnificent  and  verdant  cham- 
paign, as  its  display  recedes,  and  commingles  with 
the  distant  horizon. 

Visitors  of  taste  and  science  are  especially  re- 
quested to  procure  an  introduction  into  the  Museum 
of  the  Natural  History  Society  of  Moi-tveal — they 
will  realize  hiffh  g^ratification  from  the  numerous 
assemblage  or  indigenous  and  exotic  specimens 
which  it  includes. 

In  journeying  from  Montreal  to  Quebec,  the  in- 
quisitive observer  by  day-light  may  behold,  on  the 
south,  or  riffht  bank,  the  large  majority  of  the  church- 
es and  setnements,  in  the  ensuing  order. 

1.  La  Prairie  is  the  grand  thoroughfare  between 
Montreal  and  St.  Johns,  and  the  landing  place  for 
the  northern  trade  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  is  a  thri- 
ving town  of  more  than  200  houses,  to  the  south  of 
Montreal,  and  besides  the  Episcopal  and  Catholic 
Churches,  contains  a  Nunnery. 

2.  LoNGUEiL  is  nearly  opposite  to  Montreal. 

3.  BoucHERviLLE — This  Church  is  surrounded 
with  a  village  containing  more  than  100  houses.  . 

4.  Varennes. — On  account  of  its  three  spires, 
which  are  distinctly  seen  at  Montreal,  a  distance  of 
15  miles,  this  church  is  a  conspicuous  object  on  the 
river. 


13 


i- 


5.  VERCHfiBEs. — A  few  houses  encircJe  this  ed 
iice. 

6.  CONTRECOITR. 

7.  SoREL. — This  town  compiises  about  200  hou- 
ses, with  barracks,  stores  and  other  buildings  occu- 
pied by  the  Government,  and  is  situated  at  the 
junction  of  the  River  RicheUeu,  by  which  the  su- 
perfluous waters  of  Lake  Champlain  are  discharg- 
ed, and  the  LawFence.  The  streets  intersect  each 
other  at  right  angles,  and  it  numbers  nearly  2080 
inhabitants.  In  Sorel  are  a  Protestant  and  a -Cath- 
olic Church — and  there,  some  of  the  steamboats  al- 
ways call  for  passengers  and  merchandize. 

8.  Yamaska. — There  is  also  a  Protestant  Church 
in  this  district. 

9.  St.  Francis. — This  is  the  site  of  about  40  ca- 
bins, inhabited  chiefly  by  Abenaqui  Indians. 

10.  Baie  St.  Antoine,  or  Lefebre, — A  neat  little 
village. 

Travellers  in  the  eteam-boats  do  not  perceive  the 
churches  of  the  three  Seigniories  lait  enumerated. 
The  first  is  obscured  by  the  intervening  islands,  and 
the  others  are  not  discernible  on  account  of  their  dis- 
tance in  the  interior,  from  the  shore  of  Lake  Peter. 

11.  NicoLBT. — This  village  is  in  a  beautiful  loca- 
tion, with  a  populous  seigniory.  Adjoining  it  is  a 
College,  with  seven  tutors,  besides  the  President.  On 
account  of  its  remoteness  from  the  course  of  the 
steamboats,  and  the  intervention  of  some  woodlands 
on  the  margin  of  the  Lake,  passengers  only  have  ari| 
occasional  glimpse  of  the  Church  and  its  vicinity. 

12.  GREGoiRe. — This  church  has  a  small  cluster 
of  houses  adjoining  it.     ^ 

)13.  Becancour.— Near  the  Church  are  a  few  cot- 

a  5 


11 

tages ;  and  at  a  short  distance  from  it,  some  Indian 
families  of  the  Abenaqui  tribe  have  fixed  their  re- 
sidence. 

Tliis  land  is  almost  opposite  to  Three  Rivers,  but 
tlie  Church  is  imperceptible  to  steam-boat  travellera 
— that  of  Gregoire  is  also  not  discernible. 

14.  Gentilly. — Here  the  southern  shore,  which 
through  all  the  previous  route  is  low  and  occasion- 
ally swampy,  precipitously  rises  to  a  considerable 
height. 

15.  Pierre  les  BEcauETs  is  situated  immediate- 
ly  upon  the  bank  of  the  river, 

16.  Deschaillons. — This  Church  stands  a  short 
distance  above  Cap  a  la  Roche. 

17.  LoTBiNiERE. — A  few  comfortable  houses  sur- 
roimd  this  edifice, 

18.  St.  Croix. — This  Seigniory  appertains  to  the 
Ursuline  Nuns  of  Quebec.    ,     . 

19.  Antoine. 

20.  Nicholas.     " 

The  traveller,  as  he  descends  the  Lawrence,  when 
arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chaudiere,  perceives  at 
about  six  miles  distance  a  high  cliff  nearly  inter- 
cepting the  prospect — this  is  the  promontory  on 
which  Quebec  is  built,  and  it  is  denominated  Cape 
Diamond,  from  the  gem-Uke  quality  of  the  crystals 
which  are  found  intermingled  with  the  granite  be- 
neath its  surface.  Speedily  he  beholds  a  range  ol 
hills  skirting  the  northern  horizon,  these  are  beyond 
the  falls  of  Montmorenci — and  presently  embosomed 
in  a  harbor  of  masts,  he  is  pointed  to  Wolfe's  Cove, 
on  the  lefl— thus  distinguished  from  its  being  the 
nook  by  which  that  General  and  his  troops  made 
their  memorable  ascent  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham. 


1* 

On  the  right,  Point  Levi  with  its  verdant  pcenery, 
US  contrasted  with  the  brown  and  naked  barrennesFt 
of  Cape  Diamond  interests  tlie  observer,  who,  upon 
Ids  arrival  opposite  PAnce  des  Meres,  enjoys  the 
view  of  the  uncovered  heights,  frowning  upon  the 
\vharves  and  vessels  below,  until  he  debarks. 

21.  Point  Levi. — This  village,  although  on  the 
opposite  shore  of  the  river,  may  be  considered  almost, 
a  subxirb  of  Quebec.  The  Roman  Church  stands 
near  the  projection  of  land  where  the  Lawrence 
turns  ihort  to  the  north-east.  The  Episcopal  chuirh, 
from  its  commanding  position  and  attractive  neat- 
ness, combined  with  the  circumjacent  landscape, 
constitutes  an  agreeable  object  of  survey  to  all  per- 
sons, who  unite  a  taste  for  the  loveliness  of  nature's 
<lisplay,  in  combination  with  the  embellishments  of 
art,  especially  when  recommended  by  the  exterior 
appearance,  and  sanctified  associations  of  Christian 
devotion.  '■  , 

As  travellers  sleep  one  night  at  least  on  board 
the  steam-boat  while-  journeying  between  the  two 
cities — they  should  arrange  to  alter  the  hours,  that 
on  their  return,  they  may  view  by  day  that  part  of 
the  river  which  had  been  passed  before  by  night. 
The  steam-boats  invariably  leave  Quebec  near  the 
lime  of  low  watei'-^that  they  may  pass  through  the 
iRichelieu  Rapid  about  50  miles  above  the  port,  with 
the  stream  at  the  tide  of  flood,  and  during  the  tra- 
'/elling  season,  if  desirable,  the  chief  part  of  the 
river  may  generally  be  viewed  cither  sailing  down- 
wards or  on  the  ascent. 

By  tracing  the  location  of  the  Churches,  the  tra- 
veller on  his  retrogression  from  Quebec  to  Montreal, 
will  discern  that  they  are  generally  erected  in  near- 

A   0  " 


w 


/■'|i 


n 


r- 


if  \_ 


i'ii» 
'S 


■r. 


f    f 

•   ,     .      t  t 

^'^*^V^1 


16 


ly  a  straight  line  on  both  sides  of  the  river^  and  on  * 
the  north  or  right  hand,  they  stand  in  the  lollowing 
order. 

1.  AuousTiN. — This  church  is  buih  upon  a  point 
which  projects  into  the  river.  The  whole  Seigniory 
is  in  the  possession  of  the  nuns,  who  occupy  the  Ge- 
neral Hospital  of  Quebec. 

2.  PoiNT£  Aux  Trembles. — This  is  a  small  vil« 
lage  of  about  dO  houses  skirting  the  river,  with  an 
establishment  for  elementary  education,  conducted 
by  two  nuns  from  the  city. 

3.  Les  EcuREUiLs,  or  ^eZmr. 

To  travellers  by  land  the  scenery  near  the  bridge 
of  the  Jacques  Cartier  River,  at  the  mouth  of  which, 
the  navigator  of  that  name  wintered  in  1536,  is 
highly  interesting  and  romantic.  ^'The  general 
view  along  the  course  of  the  river,"  says  Colonel 
Bouchette,  '^  is  varied,  picturesque  and  extraordina- 
ry, presenting  a  thousand  combinations  of  grandeur, 
beauty  and  wild  magnificence.  At  the  bridge  the 
streiam  is  precipitated,  with  ^reat  velocity,  over  ma- 
ny large  rragments  of  granite,  in  a  perpendicular 
fall  of  c6nsiderable  height,  with  an  incessant  roar  of 
the  torretit  forcing  itseff  through  the  hollows  and  ex- 
cavations of  Its  rocky  bed."  It  flows  with  almost 
similar  impetuosity  through  its  whole  subsequent 
course,  untu  its  waters  mingle  with  the  Lawrence. 
To  this  accurate  delineation,  it  may  be  subjoined, 
that  many  of  the  more  majestic  features  of  the  scene 
are  presented  in  an  additionally  impressive  aspect  in 
mid  winter,  when  the  severity  of  the  congelation  ex- 
hibits the  banks  and  the  bed  of  the  stream  in  every 
variety  of  fantastic  appearance,  and  its  frozen  arti- 
ficial pendants  in  all  aiver>^itv  of  figure,  and  ei^ie,  • 

1      '  ^ 


It 

i-CRcmble  the  stalactites  of  the  richest  natural  gioi- 
tos. 

4.  Cap  Sante. — This  is  a  neat  little  village,  and 
the  Church  witti  its  three  spire*,  from  its  elevated 
position,  bein^  discernible  at  a  great  distance,  forms 
a  very  perspicuous  object,  when  sailing  down  the 
river. 

5.  DE8CttAMBAULT. — This  Church  is  erected  on  a 
lon^  point  which  extends  to  the  Richelieu  Rapids, 
and  presents  a  very  bold  aspect  to  the  observer. 
The  views  for  many  miles  above  and  below  the 
meander  of  the  stream  between  this  Church  and ' 
that  of  Cap  Sante,  developean  enchanting  intermix- 
ture of  landscape  scarcely  paralleled  throughout  the 
wholejourney. 

6.  Grondines. 

7.  St.  Anne. — This  village  stands  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  channel  of  the  river — it  contains  a 
neat  Church  and  about  40  dwelling  houses ;  but  the 
main  road  and  the  banks  of  the  river  are  aii^  dense- 
ly peopled.  * 

8.  Batiscan. 

9.  Champlain. 

10.  Cap  de  la  Ma<3deleine. 

11.  Three  Rivers. — In  point  of  antiquity,  thi6  is 
the  second  settlement  in  the  Province,  and  situated 
nearly  midway  between  Quebec  and  Montreal. 
The  town  contains  about  400  houses,  and  nearly 
3000  inhabitants,  with  the  following  public  edifices: 
A  Catholic  and  an  Epi^opal  Church — a  Methodist 
Chapel — the  Court  House — the  Jail — the  Barracks, 
formerly  occupied  by  the  Governor  during  the 
French  regime — and  an  Ursuline  Convent,  for  the 
residence  of  twenty-five  nuns.    This  establishment 

A    / 


c 


M 


H.  :  il 
('  •  r  J 


hi 


1  ■'< 


18 


includes  a  Chapel,  Hospital,  and  every  apartmoni 
convenient  for  the  comfort  of  its  occupants.  It  is  a 
modern  capacious  building,  and  surrounded  by  a 
beautiful  garderi.  Eight  miles  from  Three  Rivers, 
to  the  north-west,  is  the  Foundcry  of  Maurice ;  an 
extensive  factory  of  stoves,  kettles,  and  iron  imple- 
ments of  every  species,  highly  beneficial  to  the  Pro- 
vince, for  the  certainty  with  which  the  wants  of  the 
Habitans  in  those  indispensable  articles  are  sup- 
plied. The  situation  itself  is  attractive,  from  the 
characteristic  scenery  with  which  it  is  enveloped. 
Travellers  might  easily  arrange  to  visit  this  esta- 
blishment ;  often  without  sacrince  of  time  i  and  they 
would  liot  regret  the  excursion. 

12.  Point  du  Lac. — This  terminates  Lake  Peter 
on  the  north-east.  Within  a  short  distance  the 
Church  is  surrounded  by  a  number  of  dwellings, 
and  a  large  mill,  with  its  necessary  store-housesj 
Ibrming  a  small  scattered  hamlet. 

Machiche. — This  is  a  compact  little  village. 

14.  Riviere  du  Loup. — The  Church  at  this  sta- 
tion is  noticed  for  its  spaciousness,  its  superior  style 
T)f  architecture,  and  the  costliness  of  its  internal  or- 
naments, It  displays  three  steeples,  and  although 
not  more  than  50  habitations  are  immediately  cir- 
cumjacent, yet  the  main  route  between  the  two  ci- 
ties tor  a  considerable  distance  is  so  closely  lined  with 
houses,  that  it  approximates  to  a  cx)ntinued  street* 
A  small  Protestant  Church  is  also  in  this  vicinity. 

15.  Maskinongb.  . 
The  three  seigniories  last  designated  are  at  some 

distance  inland  from  the  margin  of  Lake  Peter — 
and  this,  combined  with  the  necessity  which  the 
steamboats  arc  under  to  keep  in  the  main  chnnrul. 


19 

renders  the  Churches  imperceptible  to  eteam-boat 
travellers. 

16.  Bbrthiee  is  a  small  town,  situated  on  the 
north  channel  of  the '  Lawrence,  comprising  about 
100  houses.  The  Church  is  a  neat  edifice  in  the 
exterior,  and  internally  of  superior  elegance ;  but  it 
is  only  indistinctly  seen  when  persons  sail  by  Sorel 
down  the  southern  branch  of  the  river.  Some  of 
the  boats  pass  by  this  place,  and  also  stop  lor  the 
convenience  of  passengers,  and  the  transaction  of 
business.  It  stands  on  nearly  a  straight  line  from 
Sorel,  and  is  the  same  distance  from  Montreal. 

17.  Isle  du  Pas. — This  Church  is  erected  on  a 
long  narrow  island,  which  is  nearly  parallel  to  the 
northern  ^hore  of  the  river,  between  Berthier  and 
Sorel,  and  is  seen  at  some  distance  above  those 
towns. 

18.  Lahorayi. — The  houses  from  this  Seigniory 
form  almost  an  uninterrupted  street,  adjoining  the 
road  on  the  banks  of  the  Lawrence,  through  the 
whole  remaining  route  to  Montreal. 

19.  Lavaltrie. 

20.  SuLPicE. — This  village  includes  about  100 
dwelling  houses,  besides  numerous  stores,  for  the  pro- 
duce of  the  country ;  considerable  quantities  of  which 
are  here  deposited. 

21.  Repehtigwy. 

22.  PoiMTE  Aux  Trembles. — This  is  a  small  vil- 
lage of  about  sixty  houses. 

23.  Long  Point. 

After  passing  Varennes,  the  sail  up  the  river  to 
Montreal,  especially  in  the  freshness  of  early  morn- 
ing, or  after  the  heat  of  the  sun  has  passed  away 
for  the  fragrance  and  repose  of  a  summer's  eve,  is 


m 


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I 


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.'.    ''I 


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i 


delightful.  The  comparative  slowness  wiiii  wlut:h 
the  Doat  moves  against  the  rapid  current,  enables  the 
explorer  to  discern  the  multifarious  picture  in  all  its 
distinctness  and  beauty.  On  the  mount  behind  the 
city,  the  commingled  exhibition  of  nature's  dignified 
and  rich  display,  clothed  in  ail  its  verdaiit  and  un- 
broken fbliaj^,  contrasted  with  the  exuberant  ap- 
pearance of  the  fields  and  gardens,  and  tlie  nume- 
rous habitations  of  man — and  the  projecting  beauty 
of  the  varie^ted  woody  island  in  the  front,  and  the 
spires  and  edifices  of  the  city  on  the  right,  present  a 
landscape  deeply  attractive  and  permanently  re- 
membered. The  effect  is  not  diminished  by  the 
sudden  change  that  occurs,  when  the  large  bay  is 
expanded  to  view,  and  the  tin  spire  of  La  Prairie, 
glittering  in  the  sun's  rays,  gives  to  the  distant  shore 
a  feature  of  momentary  enchantment. 

Sd*  Persons  who  desire  to  obtain  minute  informa- 
tion respecting  the  civil,  military,  and  ecclesiastical 
state  of  the  Canadas,  or  of  the  other  British  Provin- 
ces in  North  America,  should  procure  the  Movtrrai 
Almanac  and  Refrister. 


QVSBBO. 


1 


I'o  a  stranger,  and  especially  if  he  has  never  vis* 
ited  Europe,  Quebec  comprises  multiplied  novelty. 
The  antiquated  style  of  its  stony  appearance,  the 
hi^h  and  sharp  tinned  roofs  of  the  houses,  the  glit- 
tering spires,  the  exterior  garb,  distinctive  features 
and  foreign  language  of  the  Habitans,  the  dog 
carts,  and  the  military  apparatus  which  continually 
pass  before  him,  produce  a  temporary  mental  ex- 
citement, which  to  be  correctly  understood  must  be 
realized. 

No  topic  of  political  economy  and  modern  history 
is  more  interesting  than  the  origin  and  progressive 
enlargement  of  the  European  colonies,  which,  during 
the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  were  com- 
menced on  the  Continent  of  North  America.  The 
early  annals  of  some  of  them  are  lamentably  defec- 
tive, and  it  is  therefore  not  surprising  that  antiqua- 
rians grope  in  vain  among  the  imperfect  and  muti- 
lated reliques  and  records  of  ages  removed  by  thou- 
sands of  years — when  within  the  comparatively  short 
period,  since  Champlain  founded  the  Metropolis  of 
the  British  North  American  Provinces,  all  ingenui- 
ty of  conjecture,  and  patience  of  research,  are  baf- 
fled in  peremptorily  determining  the  true  source 
whence  the  appellatives  Canada  and  Quebec  are 
derived. 

The  following  extracts  contain  all  that  is  essen- 
tial upon  this  controverted  qusestio  vexata. 


■  *  f  15 


..  I 


•ft" ,  t*' 


2*1 

''Canada,  iion  lam  certi  cujaspiam  loci  nomen, 
quarn  plagarum  suanim,  quae  utrinque  ripis  adjacent 
amplissimi  fluminis  illius,  cui  a  St.  Laurentio  GaIJi 
appellationem  fecere — communis  nomenclatura.  Por- 
ro,  de  etymologia  vocis  Canada  nihil  satis  certi  potui 
comperire ;  priscam  quidem  Cb^e  constat  ex  eo,  quod 
illam  ante  annos  prope  sexaginta,  passim  usurpaii, 
audiebam  puer." 

This  is  a  remarkable  declaration  of  Creuxius,  and 
shows  the  great  uncertainty  of  the  appellation — be- 
cause his  narrative  commences  at  the  period  when 
Quebec  contained  but  Jifty  Europeans.      ^        ' ' 

Hennepin  thus  unfolds  the  origin  of  the  term. 
"  Les  Espagnols  or»t  fait  la  premiere  decouverte  du 
Canada.  Ayant  mis  pied  a  terre,  ils  n'y  trouverent 
rien  de  considerable.  Cette  raison  les  obKgea  d'a- 
bandonner  ce  pays,  qu'ils  appellerent,  i7  Capo  (H 
Nada,  c'est  a  dire,  Cap  de  rien — d'ou  est  venu  par 
corruption  le  nom  de  Canada."      '^  '.    ^  ' 

La  Potherie  corraborates  this  statement  ^vith  a 
memorable  particularity  of  graphical  description. 
"  Les  monts  Notre  Dame  sur  le  sommet  desquels  il 
y  a  toujours  de  la  neige  dans  la  plus  grande  cha- 
leur  de  Pannefe  se  decouvrent  de  loin  du  cote  sud. 
Cet  aspect  donna  tant  de  frayeur  aux  Espagnols  qui 
ont  decouvert  le  Canada,  qu'ils  lui  donnerent  en 
mcme,  le  nom  de  Capo  di  Nada,  qui  veut  dire, 
Cap  de  rien — et  ils  concurent  ime  si  mauvaise  idee 
de  ce  vaste  pays,  qu'ils  ne  daignerent  pas  pousser 
plus  loin  leure  decouverte.  Jacques  Cartier  tut  plus 
heureux  que  Jean  Verazani,  qui  decouvert  toutes 
les  cotes  de  la  mer  depuis  la  Floride,  jusqu'a  I'em- 
bouchure  du  fleuve  St.  Laurent — et  aussi  il  fut  le 


f^3     ' 

])remicr  qui  tlecouvrit  le  Canada,  mais  a  ?oii  mal- 
hcur — car  les  Sauvages  le  mangereiit." 

There  is  a  chwacteristic  sangfroid  in  tlie  lost 
clause  of  the  extract,  which  is  very  edifying ! 

On  Cartier's  arrival  here,  the  Indians  freiiuently 
pronounced  these  two  words — "  Aca  Nada'^ — nothing 
here ;  from  whifjh  it  is  supposed  the  name  of  the 
country,  Canada,  has  been  derived*  These  words 
were  first  tauglit  them  by  tJie  Spaniards,  who  liad 
^  isited  the  Baie  des  Chaleurs,  and  pronounced  these 
w'ords  because  they  found  no  gold  or  silver  mines. 

Others  derive  it  from  the  Indian  word  Kanala^ 
pronounced  Canada,  which  signifies  a  collection  oi* 
huts.  Lescarbot  states  that  the  Indians  of  Gaspc 
called  themselves  Canadians,  which  name  is  also 
confirmed  by  Champlain*  Hist,  Gen.  des  Voyages 
vol  13.  p.  28.  Champlain,  Part  2,  p.  197. 

The  cause  of  the  name  which  was  applied  to  thd 
original  settlement  of  Canada,  its  present  metroix)* 
\k,  mvolves  still  greater  mystery 

In  the  Pastes  Chronologiques,  it  is  recorded,  that 
Champlain  commenced  the  permanent  occupation 
of  Cape  Diamond  on  the  third  of  July,  1608.  "  Les 
Sauvages  donnoient  a  cet  endroit  le  nom  de  Que- 
bec, ou  QueUbec,  qui  dans  les  langues  Algonquine 
et  Abenaquise  signifie  retrecissement,  parceque  Ic 
fleuve  s'y  retrecit."  This  identical  reason  is  pro- 
mulged  more  diffusely  by  Charlevoix.  "Quebec 
est  placee  sur  le  fleuve,  le  plus  navigable  de  I'uni- 
vers — mais  au-dessus  de  I'isle  de  POrleans,  il  se  re- 
trecit tout  a  coup  de  cette  sorte,  que  devant  Que- 
bec il  n'a  plus  qu'une  mille  de  largeur ;  c*est  ce  qui 
a  fait  donner  a  cet  endroit  le  nom  de  Quebec,  qui  en 
langue  Algonquine  signifie,  retrecissemeut,     Le*< 


m 


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Av)enaquis  le  nomment  Quebec,  qui  veut  dire  ce  qui 
e^^t  ferme,  parce  que  de  la  petite  riviere  de  la  Chau- 
diere,  par  ou  ces  Sauvages  venoient  a  Quebec  du 
voir^iiwge  de  PAcadie,  la  Pointe  de  Levi  cache  en- 
t  ierement  le  canal  du  sud — I'isle  d'Orleans  caclie 
eeiui  du  nord,  de  sorte  que  le  port  de  Quebec  ne  pa- 
roit  de  la  qu'une  grand  baie."  La  Potherie  furnish- 
es two  solutions  of  this  verbal  difficulty,  which  so 
long  has  been  crux  etymologorum.  "  Nous  n'avons 
point  de  connoi^ance  de  Petimologie  de  Quebec.  Les 
Sauvages  qui  y  habitoient,  lorsque  les  Francois  vin- 
rent  s'y  etablir,  Pappelloient  Stadaka.  On  tient, 
que  les  Normands  qui  ecoient  avec  Jacques  Cartier 
a  sa  premiere  decouverte,  appercevant  au  bout  de 
Pisle  d'Orleans.  un  Cap  fort  eleve,  s'ecrierent  Quel 
bee ! — et  qu'a  la  suite  du  tems  le  nom  de  Quebec 
lui  est  reste.  Je  ne  suis  pas  garand  de  cette  etimo> 
logie. 

"  Quebec  est  au  bout  de  Pisle  d'Orleans.  II  y  a 
une  riviere  une  petite  demi-lieue  de  la,  qu'on  appelle 
presentement  St.  Charles — appellee  Kabir  Kovbac 
par  les  Sauvages,  a  raison  des  tours  et  detours  qu'elle 
fait." 

A  straight  line  drawn  from  one  river  to  the  other, 
at  the  Barrier  on  the  south  and  west,  is  rather  more 
than  a  mile  m  length — and  the  whole  wall  is  two 
miles  and  three  quarters  in  circuit — but  including 
the  Citadel,  the  Espleuiade,  the  different  large  gar- 
dene,  and  other  vacant  spaces,  a  considerable  pro- 
jiortion  of  the  area  within  the  fortification  remains 
unoccupied  for  buildings. 

The  city  and  environs  are  thus  subdivided.  That 
pan  which  is  within  the  walls  is  called  the  Upper 
'J^ovvn,  and  can  be  approached  solely  by  five  gate.y. 


i.S. 

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*45 


On  the  eastern  side  ol'the  Cape,  toward;^  ihii,  Law- 
rence, there  is  only  one  avenue  to  enler  it,  by  a  cir- 
cuitous steep  liill,  through  Preacott  Gate ;  which  is 
the  chief  thoroughfare  for  all  the  commercial  busi- 
ness of  the  port,  especially  during  the  navigable  sea- 
son, and  then  Mountain  street,  as  this  route  is  named, 
presents  the  appearance  of  a  crowded  and  active  po- 
pulation. On  the  north  of  the  city,  and  where  the 
promontory  has  considerably  declined  in  height, 
there  are  two  entrances — Hope  Gate,  not  far  from 
the  eastern  extremity  of  the  rampart — and  Palace 
Gate,  adjoining  the  Armoury  and  the  Artillery  Bar- 
racks. These  gates  are  on  that  side  of  the  city 
which  is  washed  by  the  Charles.  From  the  land 
there  are  two  avenues  to  the  interior  of  the  fortifi- 
cations— that  on  the  east  is  known  as  the  houla 
Gate,  which  conducts  by  a  beautiful  road  to  the 
Plains  of  Abraham — the  other  is  at  the  end  of  John 
street,  and  thence  denominated  John's  Gate— this  is 
the  route  through  which  the  chief  part  of  the  courw 
try  trade  passes. 

The  long  street  from  the  termination  of  the  Ban- 
lieu  on  the  south-west,  upon  the  Lawrence,  skirting 
the  Cape  round  to  the  Wood  Yard  belonging  to  the 
Government,  including  Mountain  street  to  the  Pres- 
cott  Gate,  and  all  the  other  shorter  streets  between 
the  hill  and  the  river  are  generally  denominated 
the  Lower  Town.  The  portion  between  the  road 
outside  of  the  Gates  of  Louis  and  John  streets,  to 
tlie  line  of  the  Banlieu,  is  called  the  suburbs  of  Lou- 
From  John  street  nortlierly  to  the  Cote  Gene* 


i.s. 


veive,  and  returning  to  the  end  of  the  Banlieu,  all 
the  buildings  are  included  in  the  John's  suburbs— 
and  the  large  district  extending  from  the  Wooii 


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Yard,  pilong  by  the  foot  of  the  hill,  to  the  western 
extremity  of  the  Banlieu,  and  bounded  on  the  north 
weet  by  the  Charles  river,  bears  the  appellation  of 
ihe  suburbs  of  St,  Roch. 


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DXftBOTOAir« 


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As  Travellers  are  generally  restricted  to  time, 
they  often  lose  the  season  fully  to  gratify  their  curi-  . 
osity  for  want  of  an  Itinerary,  by  which  they  might, 
with  the  greatest  facility,  view  the  most  important 
objects.  This  Catalogue,  therefore,  will  prescribe 
the  cxplorer^s  walk,  in  the  most  convenient  order. 
..j.  — — —  ,  , 

1.  Itinerary. — Taking  the  Upper  Town  Market 
House  as  the  place  of  departure,  the  observer  has 
on  the  west,  the  ancient  Monastery  of  the  Jesuits, 
now  used  as  the  Barracks  for  the  Troops  of  the  Gar-  f 
rison,  and  on  the  east,  the  Roman  Church,  which  is 
open  nearly  the  whole  hours  of  daylight.  ,  .  .     » 

The  narrow  avenue  on  the  north  conducts  to  tli6 
Seminary,  On  the  left  is  the  Chapel ;  which  is  en- 
tered by  a  door  from  the  covered  gateway.  Thence 
lie  will  proceed  to  the  Church — and  nejtt,  to  the 
Place  d'Armes,  where  on  the  east  of  the  Pentagon 
is  the  residence  of  the  Governor — and  in  immediate 
front  the  old  building  once  occupied  for  the  same 
object — which  partially  conceals  from  observation 
the  Chateau — and  the  gloomy  exterior  of  which 
adds  no  ornament  to  the  other  circumjacent  edifices- 
On  the  opx)osite  side  is  the  Episcopal  Church  ;  and 
on  the  south,  nearly  adjoining  it,  is  the  Court  House* 
The  large  edifice  on  the  corner  of  Fort  street,  which 
was  formerly  known  as  the  Union  Hotel,  is  now  ap- 
propriated for  the  piibli«'  ofRcns  of  the  Government* 


III 


W  v:  t'  ' j 

1.'  .■{  .  .1, 

'.••■'li,::'  ■ 


SI8 


l^trangGi'cs  ought  especially  to  recollect  that  the  first 
jjtory  contains  the  Museum  of  the  Literary  and  His- 
torical Society. 

Crossing  the  Place  d'Armes  to  Des  Carrieres 
|}treet,  the  visitor  will  next  inspect  the  Monument 
erected  in  memory  of  Wolfe  and  Montcalm ;  and 
fi-om  the  promenade  at  the  exterior  of  the  Grovemor'e 
Garden,  will  view  the  beauteous  landscape  diverging 
to  the  north-east.  He  will  then  return  to  Louis 
street ;  and  having  surveyed  the  Court  House,  and 
passed  the  office  of  the  Commissariat,  he  will  turn 
hy  Parloir  street  to  the  Ursuline  Nunnery  an«^  Chnrch. 
Leaving  the  Episcopal  Church  on  the  right,  he  will 
advance  by  Anne  street,  along  the  south  wing  of 
t  he  Barracks,  to  the  Presbyterian  Church ;  and  pas- 
sing its  front,  the  Jail  is  on  the  right,  and  opposite 
the  end  of  the  yard,  is  the  Methodist  Chapel,  whence 
he  pursues  his  course  to  the  Esplanade. 

If  he  has  no  citizen  as  a  companion,  atid  no  other 
mode  of  visiting  the  fortification,  he  should  turn 
down  Louis  street,  and  at  the  Military  offices,  request 
fiom  the  Adjutant  General  a  card  of  admission  to 
walk  round  the  interior  of  the  Citadel.  Havhig  en- 
tered the  grand  western  gate,  where  he  leaves  his 
ticket  with  the  Soldier  on  guard,  and  having  exam- 
ined the  edifice,  he  will  first  proceed  round  the  course 
of  the  Citadel  to  the  Flag  Staff  and  Telegraph, 
1  hence  southerly  by  the  parapet  bordering  on  the 
liver  to  the  machinery  at  the  head  of  the  Rail-way, 
or  Inclined  Plane,  which  is  500  feet  long ;  extending 
I'rom  the  wharf  to  the  Cape,  where  its  perpendicu- 
Jvir  elevation  is  345  feet  above  the  stream.  The 
j'^lane  is  used  bv  the  Government  alone,  to  convev 


'.A 


k 


^9 

wiones  and  other  articles  of  great  wei«^lit  and  -ulk, 
Jbr  the  erection  of  the  new  Fortress. 

Having  surveyed  from  the  highest  point  the  ma- 
jestic scene,  in  every  diversified  aspect  of  hill  and 
dale — land  and  water — barren  ana  rugged  moun- 
tainous heights,  and  a  champaign  opulent  in  the 
productions  of  agriculture^  and  all  the  encircling  ex- 
hibition of  human  activity  and  commercial  enter- 
prise, which  are  presented  unto  him  when  the  at- 
mosphere fe  unclouded — the  visitor  will  follow  the 
course  of  the  wall  on  his  left  hand,  until  he  returns 
to  the  same  gate,  and  pursue  his  walk  by  it,  over 
Louis  Gatfc  along  the  Esplanade,  until  he  arrives 
opposite  the  Church  of  the  Congreganistes,  imme- 
diately below  which  is  the  National  School  House. 

Proceeding  along  John  street,  he  will  turn  north 
to  Stanislaus  street,  on  the  east  side  of  which  stands 
Trinity  Chapel ;  whence  crossing  Carleton  street,  he 
arrives  at  the  Artillery  Barracks  and  the  Armoury, 
the  latter  of  which  may  be  inspected,  if  a  resident 
of  the  city  be  in  company. 

Opposite  the  Armoury  is  the  Anatomical  Room 
of  the  Medical  Society.  Thence  walking  up  Pa- 
lace street,  on  the  right  hand  is  Helen  street,  where 
is  Chasseur's  Natural  Museum.  Returning  into  Pa- 
lace street,  the  visitor  crosses  obliquely  above  to 
Collins'  Lane,  in  which  stands,  on  the  lefV,  the  Cha- 
pel of  the  Hotel  Dieu — and  behind  it  the  Nunneiy 
and  Hospital,  with  the  surrounding  Garden.  He 
will  then  follow  Couillard  and  Joachim  streets,  until, 
from  gthe  corner  of  Francis  street  on  the  right,  is 
seen  John's  Chapel — thence  he  will  pursue  George 
street  to  the  Grand  Battery,  where  he  will  survey 
*he  prospect  at  the  very  end  of  the  promontory-^ 


> « 


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then  on  liis  lefl,  as  lie^  walks  towards  tlif*  Koutli,  it 
the  Graiul  IJattery,  and  on  his  rigtit  the  wall  of  the 
Sennumry  Garden,  until  he  arrives  at  an  o|)enFpace, 
on  the  end  of  which,  in  front,  stands  the  House  of 
the  Provincial  Parliament  and  their  officers.  Fol- 
lowing the  Senuiiary  wall  a  few  yarded  from  the 
corner,  there  is  a  neat  view  of  the  north  end  of  the 
Chateau,  the  noith-east  abutment  of  the  Citadel, 
with  the  Flag  Stafl'  and  Telegraphic  Counnunica- 
tor,  and  beneath,  the  top  of  the  Monument. 

Having  thence  crossed  Fort  street,  on  the  rig)  it 
hand  dwells  the  Catholic  Coadjutor  and  Cure — and 
immediately  behind  is  the  east  end  of  the  Seminar}', 
to  which  there  is  a  short  avenue,  where  is  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Catholic  Prelate,  whence  the  traveller 
returns  to  the  Market  Place. 

The  observer  will  also  be  gratified  by  the  view  of 
the  hills  from  the  top  of  Fabri(|ue  street,  near  the 
east  end  of  the  Market  House — and  in  walking  along 
George  street  appears  an  equally  agreeable  com- 
pressed prospect  of  the  heights  of  Point  Levi.  Sim- 
ilar glimpses  of  the  distant  scenery  attract  notice  iii 
all  parts  of  the  city.  After  viewing  the  Chapel  and 
Hospital  of  the  Hotel  Dieu,  the  vif^iter  iimy  return 
to  Palace  street,  and  continue  Jiis  progress  to  the 
Gate — where  by  passing  the  Guard  House,  and  pur- 
suing his  walk  easterly,  he  inoy  accurately  under- 
ftand  the  nature  of  the  deleiire  whicJi  the  city  can 
make  against  external  ai^sault.  The  first  house  at 
wliich  lie  arrivT:^  is  distinguished  as  the  residence  of 
tlie  renowned  Montciilni.  There  he  may  turn  to  the 
riglit,  which  will  Ica-i  him  to  Ccmillard  street,  or  he 
can  continue  liis  walk,  passing  Hope  Gate,  until  lie 
arrives  at  tlie  Look-out  fiom  the  north-east  platfonr 


31 

i)f  the  Battery.  Visitoiv  wlio  are  (lesir(>ii><  to  trac^ 
the  precipe  spots  where  Wolfe  and  Monti^orncry  fell, 
must  procure  a  guide  to  designate  them. 

About  one  hundred  yards  from  the  lower  end  of 
the  Rail  Way,  General  Montgomery  and  his  aid^', 
with  other  men,  were  killed  on  the  ni^;ht  of  De- 
cember 31,  1775,  when  proceeding  to  the  assault  of 
Quebec.  The  place  may  be  easily  recognized,  not- 
withstanding the  altemtions  which  have  occurred. 
At  that  period,  a  narrow  path  only  was  made  be- 
tween the  foot  of  the  hill  and  the  river,  so  that  ves- 
sels were  fastened  to  the  rock  by  large  iron  boltp, 
one  of  which  still  remains,  near  the  very  spot,  wheni 
the  American  General  and  his  advanced  party  were 
discomfited.  At  the  top  of  the  small  ascent  on  the 
street  immediately  below,  the  small  battery  had  been 
erected,  near  the  plat  where  the  southerly  forge  is 
now  stationed. 

Few  circumstances  more  vividly  teach  us  the  ca- 
sualties of  war,  and  the  minute  circumstances  upon 
which  so  many  important  results  depend.  That  tlie 
success  of  the  assault  would  have  essentially  altered 
the  whole  course  of  events,  is  self-evident — but  few 
persons  have  reflected,  tliat  all  this  depended  upon 
the  simple  fact  whether  Montgomery  should  be  a 
few  steps  north  or  south  of  a  certain  place  at  a  given 
moment.  The  rock  jutted  out  so  as  to  form  a  spe- 
cies of  barrier  in  the  road — and  it  was  necessary 
that  the  point  should  have  been  turned  before  any 
shot  could  have  been  effected.  Had  the  gun  been 
loaded  witli  a  single  ball  only,  it  might  have  struck 
one  or  two  of  the  party  who  were  just  at  the  point, 
and  must  have  lefl  all  the  others  uninjured — but  be- 
ing filled  with  grape,  the  scattering  discharge  killed 


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or  wounded  the  whole  groupe  who  had  passed  the 
corner  of  the  rock,  as  the  gun  was  stationed  express- 
ly to  sweep  that  narrow  approach. 

The  following  additional  circumstances  (Connected 
with  the  death,  burial,  and  disinterment  of  the  re- 
means  of  General  Montgomery,  were  furnished  by 
Mr.  James  Thompson,  at  the  period  when  the  re- 
quest was  made  tnat  the  reliques  might  be  removed 
to  New  York,  where  they  now  repose  near  the  mar- 
ble monument  erected  in  front  of  Paul's  church,  on 
Bi-oadway.  Mr.  Thompson  is  still  living,  ninety- 
six  years  of  age,  an(l,  it  is  believed,  is  the  sole  sur- 
viver  of  all  the  English  and  French  troops  who  were 
engaojed,  either  in  the  capture  or  defence  of  Que- 
bec, during  the  campaign  of  1759. 

"  I,  James  Thompson,  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  do 
testify  and  declhre.  that  I  served  in  the  capacity  of 
an  Assistant  Engineer,  during  the  seige  of  this  city, 
by  the  American  forces  under  the  command  of  the 
late  General  Montgomery.  In  an  attack  made  by 
the  troops  under  nia  immediate  command,  in  the 
night  of  the  31st  December,  1775,  on  a  British  post 
at  the  southernmost  extremity  of  the  city,  near 
Pres  de  Ville,  the  General  received  a  mortal  wound, 
and  with  him  were  killed  his  two  Aides-de-Camp, 
Mcpherson  and  Cheeseman,  who  were  fbund  on 
tlie  morning  of  the  Ist  January,  1776,  almost  cov- 
ered over  with  snow.  Mrs.  Prentice,  who  kept  a 
hotel  at  Quebec,  and  with  whom  General  Montgo- 
men?^  had  previously  boarded,  was  brought  to  view 
the  body  ailer  it  was  placed  in  the  Guard  Room, 
and  which  she  recognized,  by  a  particular  mark 
which  he  had  on  the  side  or  his  head,  to  be  llie  Ge- 
neral's.   The  body  was  then  conveyed  to  a  house 


33 

immediately  opposite  to  the  President's  residence, 
who  provided  a  genteel  coffin,  which  was  lined  in. 
Bide  with  flannel,  and  outside  of  it  with  black  cloth. 
In  the  night  of  the  4th  January,  it  was  conveyed 
by  me  from  Gobert's  house,  and  was  interred  six 
(eet  in  Iront  of  the  gate,  within  a  wall  that  sur 
.)unded  a  powder  Magazine  near  the  ramparts 
lounding  on  Louis  Gate.  The  funeral  service  was 
)erformed  at  the  grave,  by  the  Chaplain  of  the 
/garrison.  His  two  Aides-de-Camp  were  buried  in 
their  clothes,  without  any  coffins,  and  no  person  was 
{juried  within  twenty-five  yards  of  the  General, 
The  coffin  of  the  late  General  Montgomery,  taken 
up  on  the  morninff  of  the  16th  of  the  present  month 
pf  June,  1818,  is  the  identical  coffin  deposited  by  me 
pn  the  day  of  his  burial,  and  the  present  coffin  con- 
;  ains  the  remains  of  the  late  General  Subsequent 
to  the  finding  of  Geners^l  Montgomery's  body,  I  wore 
his  sword,  being  lighter  tlian  my  own,  and  on  going 
to  the  Seminary,  where  the  American  officers  were 
lodged,  they  recognized  the  sword,  which  affected 
them  so  much  that  numbers  of  them  wept,  in  con- 
sequence of  which,  I  have  never  worn  the  sword 
since. 


)) 


In  the  Lower  Town,  the  only  objects  which  me- 
rit notice,  besides  tlie  Inclined  Plane  or  Rail-way  to 
the  Citadel,  are  the  Exchange  Reading  Room,  and 
the  Q^uebec  Library,  which  are  always  open  for  the 
admission  of  strangers,  if  regulariy  introaiiced,  and 
are  worthy  of  a  traveller's  inspection. 

The  military  bands  amuse  the  public  with  a  con- 
cert of  music  in  the  Market  Place,  every  winter  eve- 
ning at  eiffht,  and  diiring  the  summer  season  at 
nijte. 


m 


■"^  hi 


'^ 


:M.i 


'.  -1.1    'h* 


:t 


r 


:i4 


Cape  Diamofd. — It  has  often  been  remarkftl 
by  strangers  who  have  seen  the  landscapes  most  ta- 
med in  travelHng  records,  tliat  as  a  tout  ensemble^ 
a  more  richly  diversified  exhibition  of  all  that  ia  el- 
egant in  nature's  works  can  seldom  be  lound,  than 
that  which  the  amateur  discovers  on  Cape  Diamond ^ 
in  the  clear  days  ol*  July  and  August.  In  other  sit- 
uations tlie  same  scenery  is  partially  observe*!,  ami 
with  additional  distinctness.  From  the,  north-east 
end  of  the  Battery,  near  the  Sentry  Box,  is  a  view 
circumscribing  an  area  of  at  least  100  degrees — but 
from  its  comparative  lowness,  the  water  constitutes 
too  prominent  an  object.  At  the  lower  end  of  the 
Esplanade,  the  whole  western  environs  form  a  beau- 
tiful land  picture,  with  the  meanders  of  the  River 
Charles,  and  the  subu)-bs.  The  Upper  Town  and 
the  northern  part  of  the  Lower  Town,  must  be  sur- 
veyed from  the  Telegraph  and  Flag  Staff— because 
the  Citadel  intervenmg,  impedes  the  view  of  them 
fi-om  the  most  elevated  part  of  the  Cape.  With  this 
exception,  there  the  eye  expatiates  with  unfailing 
delignt. 

On  the  north,  the  village  of  Beauport,  in  its 
lengthened  street,  with  the  intermediate  bay — the 
bouche  of  the  Montmorenci,  lor  the  actual  projection 
of  the  stream  is  not  visible,  the  mountainous  ridge 
behind  bounding  the  view — and  the  whole  country 
sweeping  in  a  circular  bend  to  Cape  Tourment,  the 
high  bluif  of  which  terminates  the  regular  scene  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Lawrence.  Passing  over  the 
island  of  Orleans,  the  eye  perceives  the  highland.^ 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  continually  tending 
to  the  southward,  and  forming  as  far  as  the  vision 
can  stretch,  a  vast  arnpliitheatre  of  variegated  ap- 


v      ^ 


t!. 


J-     35 

pearance.  From  the  river  at  the  loot  of  the  Obser- 
ver, the  nearer  objects  on  the  opposite  bank  embocly 
forth  their  pecuUarities  in  bold  graphic  Hneaments ; 
while  gradually  receding,  the  features  of  the  distant 
country  become  more  indistinct,  until  the  horizon 
appears  to  be  skirted  only  by  one  unintenxipted 
range  of  wood  and  mountain. 

Immediately  on  the  south-west,  the  prospect  is  im- 
peded by  the  continued  elevation  of  the  table-land 
of  the  Cape,  so  that  it  comprehends  chiefly  the 
Plains  of  Abraham,  the  Martello  Towers,  the  coun- 
try residences  of  the  citizens,  and  the  course  of  the 
Lawrence  to  the  mouth  of  the  Chaudiere.  From 
the  west  to  the  north  the  prospect  is  only  hindered 
by  a  course  of  hills  which  extend  to  the  south  west, 
in  uneven  progress,  and  at  unequal  distances  from 
the  river.  In  this  part  of  the  view,  the  village  of 
Lorette,  the  Indian  settlement  of  Hurons — Charle- 
bourg,  with  a  dense  distribution  of  houses,  and  nearly 
the  whole  land  in  cultivation  from  the  foot  of  the 
highlands,  bespeak  a  crowded  active  population, 
until  the  observer  again  recognizes  the  tin  roof  and 
steeples  of  the  church  at  Beauport,  where  he  com- 
menced his  view  of  the  splendid  scene. 

The  following  delineation  by  Colonel  Bouchette  is 
so  accurately  descriptive,  and  eloquent,  that  it  will 
aid  jthe  observer's  contemplation ;  the  picture  is 
drawn  con  amore. 

"  Whoever  views  the  environs  of  duebec,  with  a 
mind  and  taste  capable  of  receiving  impressions 
through  the  medium  of  the  eyeci,  will  acknowledge, 
that  as  a  whole,  the  prospect  is  peculiarly  grand — 
and  that  if  taken  in  detail,  every  part  of  it  pleases, 
by  the  gradual  unfolding  of  its  picturesque  beautiet?. 


0^! 


iT 


.       36 

'owar Js  Beauport,  Charlebourg  and  Lorette,  the 
ievv  is  diversified  with  every  trjiit  that  can  render 
.  landscape  rich,  full,  and  complete.  The  fore- 
ground shows  the  River  Charles  meandering  for 
^me  miles  through  a  fertile  valley,  embellished 
by  a  succession  of  objects  that  diffuse  great  anima- 
tion over  the  whole  scene.  The  three  villages  with 
their  respective  churches,  and  many  handsome  de- 
tached houses  in  the  vicinity,  seated  on  gently  rising 
emmences,  form  so  many  distinct  objects —the  inter- 
vals between  which  display  many  of  the  most  strong- 
ly marked  sj^ecimens  of  forest  scenery,  combined 
with  a  wide  spread  appearance  of  fertility  and  good 
cultivation.  As  the  prospect  recedes,  the  land  rises 
in  gradation,  height  over  height,  \^ith  primeval 
covered  woods,  until  the  whole  is  terminated  by  a 
lofty  ridge  of  mountains.  Turning  towards  the  ba- 
sin, which  is  about  two  miles  across,  the  scene  is  en- 
livened by  the  variety  of  ships  entering  or  leaving 
the  port.  On  the  rignt,  Point  Levi,  with  its  church 
and  groupe  of  white  houses,  and  several  other  pro- 
montories, clothed  with  trees,  and  in  front,  the  wes- 
tern end  of  the  island  of  Orleans,  present  an  interest- 
ing and  agreeable  subject  to  the  observer.  On  the 
Plains  of  Abraham,  from  the  precipice  that  ov^looks 
the  timber  grounds,  the  Lawrence  is  seen  rolling  its 
majestic  wave,  studded  with  sails  from  the  stately 
ship  to  the  humble  pilot  boat — and  the  opposite  bank 
extending  up  the  river  is  highly  cultivated ;  and  the 
houses  thickly  strewed  by  the  main  road,  from  this 
height  and  distance,  have  the  appearance  of  an  al- 
most  uninterrupted  village.  The  country  to  the 
southward  rises  by  a  very  gentle  ascent,  and  the 
whole  view,  which  is  richly  embelUshed  by  water. 


ait 


de- 


.  woodland,  and  cultivation,  is  bounded  by  remote  and 
loi'tv  mountains,  sollenin^  shade  by  shade  untilthey 
melt  into  air.  Hence,  the  summer  scenery  of  tho 
.environs  of  duebec  vies  in  beauty,  variety  and  mag- 
nificence, sublimity,  and  the  naturally  harmonized 
combination  of  ail  these  prominent  features,  with 
the  most  splendid  that  has  been  portrayed  in  Eu- 
rope, or  any  other  part  of  the  world." 

III. — MoNTMORENGi. — The  justly  celebrated  FaHa 
of  Montmorenci  constitute  an  object  of  inspection 
with  every  visitor  of  Quebec.    In  clear  weather 
much  enjoyment  is  realized  from  the  ride,  as  an  op- 
portunity is  offered  to  examine  the  soil,  modes  of 
agriculture  and  habits  of  life  of  the  Canaiiiaii  Hir- 
mers ;  arid  also  of  viev/ing  Q,uebe(*M  and  its  environs, 
in  a  novel  aspect.    It  is  generally  conceded,  that 
the  Falls,  when  the  river  is. kill,  is  the  most  magni- 
ficent object  in  the  Province--- being  replete  with 
I  beauty  and  sublime  grandeur.    TheMsreadth  of  the 
,  stream  at  the  brink  is  about  twenty-five  yards,  and 
the  velocity  of  the  water  in  its  descent  is  increased 
by  a  continual  declivity  from  some  distance  above. 
With  the  exception  of  a  large  rock  near  the  middle 
of^the  lied,  the  whole  is  one  compact  sheet  of  foam, 
which  is  discharged,  almost  perpendicularly,  at  the 
depth  of  nearly  eighty  yards,  into  a  reservoir  among 
•the  rocks  below. 

There  are  three  points  which  aifwd  the  best  views 
of  the  Falls.  1.  From  the  upper  window  of  the 
Mill— whence  the  projecting  leap  is  safely  seen.  2. 
Having  crossed  the  bridge,  the  visitor  proceeds  along 
the  brow  of  the  hill,  until  he  arrives  nearly  in  front 
of  the  whole  cataract— from  this  summit,  the  view, 


■jK 


*'';».  r 


38 


I   t 


with  the  concomitant  circumstances,  inspires  the 
compound  emotions  of  awe,  terror  and  astonishment. 
"  The  prodigious  depth  of  their  descent,  the  bright- 
ness and  volubility  of  their  course,  the  swiftness  of 
their  movement  through  the  air,  and  the  loud  and 
hollow  noise  emitt-ed  from  the  basin,  swelling  with 
incessant,  a^tation  from  the  weight  of  the  dashing 
waters,  forcibly  rivet  the  attention,  and  highly  ele- 
vate the  mind  of  the  spectator."  From  the  same 
spot,  there  is  a  lucid  and  beauteous  prospect  of  Que- 
bec, with  its  encircling  scenery ;  Euid  with  an  ordi- 
nary magnifying  glass,  the  observer  can  discern  all 
the  prominent  objects— the  steeples,  towers,  fortifica- 
tions, principal  edifices,  the  shipping,  the  course  of 
the  Lawrence,  until  it  is  lost  among  the  hills — Point 
Levi  and  its  vicinity — ths  north  sicfe  of  the  Island  of 
Orleans — the  point  of  Ange  Gardien — and  the  shores 
of  the  river  as  far  as  Cape  Tourment.  Some  ves- 
tiges of  General  Wolfe's  battery  still  remain.  3. 
lience  he  descends  the  hill,  and  pursuing  its  course 
to  the  right,  he  may  ordinarily  advance  to  the  rock 
which  interrupts  the  turbulence  of  the  stream  when 
discharged  into  the  chasm.  In  the  view  from  be- 
low the  most  vivid  impressions  of  this  gorgeous  cas- 
cade are  produced — and  travellers  who  do  not  thus 
survey  the  Falls,  can  form  only  a  faint  and  incorrect 
idea  of  its  apparently  changing  effect.  The  spray 
which  arises  from  the  bottom,  and  which  "  flies  off 
from  the  cataract  in  the  form  of  revolving  spheres," 
is  indescribably  deUcate  and  beauteous — and  the  ob- 
server who  is  desirous  to  enioy  the  splendid  exhibi- 
tion of  the  rainbow,  with  all  its  prismatic  colours, 
completely  surrounding  him,  must  proceed  to  the 
rock  which  counteracts  the  impetuosity  of  the  wa- 


ele- 


ters.  There  in  the  clear  sunshine,  and  especially 
when  the  wind  blows  the  flakes  of  spray  moderately 
towards  the  north-east,  so  that  he  can  distinguish 
their  progressive  spread  as  they  recede,  he  realizes 
this  uncommon  display,  with  no  other  inconveni- 
ence than  a  sprinkling,  but  attended  with  the  en- 
joyment of  a  natural  appearance  exceedingly  grand 
and  delightful. 

At  a  considerable  distance  above  the  Falls,  the 
channel  of  the  river  is  contracted  between  high  ver- 
tical rocks,  and  the  water  rushes  with  proportionate 
velocity.  In  one  part,  at  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
bridge,  cascades  of  three  or  four  yards  in  depth  are 
adjacent  to  two  fine  geological  curiosities,  familiar- 
ly denominated  the  Natural  Steps,  which  appear 
to  have  been  formed  by  the  attrition  of  the  stream, 
occasioned  by  the  melting  of  the  snows  and  the  aug- 
mented rapidity  of  the  flood.  Many  of  these  steps 
are  so  regular,  that  they  almost  develope  the  process 
of  human  art.  The  perpendicular  attitude  of  the 
rocks  en  the  east  side — the  tree  crowned  summit^ — 
the  uniformity  of  appearance  resembling  an  ancient 
Castle  wall  in  ruins — the  precipices  on  the  western 
bank — and  the  foaming  noisy  current  portray  a  ro- 
mantic wildness,  which  is  very  attractive.  Obser- 
vers are  amply  remunerated  for  their  walk,  as  con 
joined  with  this  interesting  object,  they  witness  the 
continuous  descent  and  the  accelerating  force  antt 
celerity  with  which  the  river  is  propelled  to  the 
[x)int,  whence  it  is  precipitated  into  the  Lawrence. 

The  view  of  the  Montmorenci  from  below  at  n)  id- 
winter,  forms  a  striking  contrast  with  its  appearance 
in  June.  In  immediate  front,  at  the  foot  of  tlie  cntn- 
ract,  the  spray  congeal.*,  and  fi-om  its  contiiiuai  ac- 


■ ;  ■ '.  !■■*  -1^  1. 


'\.;X:'.fi 


m 


rlk-y: 


■      I 


40 

cumulation,  increased  by  the  frequent  snows,  a  hill 
in  the  formot  a  sugar  loaf  is  coagulated,  varying 
each  season  in  its  height  and  bulk,  according  to  the 
operation  of  the  winds,  and  the  intensity  of  the  frost. 

IV.  The  ChaudierIc. — A  poetic  observer  standing 
on  the  margin  of  the  river  near  the  Falls,  might 
easily  transmute  the  Grecian  imagery  chanted  by 
the  Roman  into  the  actual  scene  before  him ;  and 
can  almost  fancy  without  any  pecuUar  and  vision- 
ary flights  of  the  imagination,  that  he  beholds  around 
him  the  principal  and  most  solitary  dell  of  tlie  an- 
cient immortalized  Tempe. 

•..   "■'  "■"'■ 

"Est  Nemiis — praerupta  quod  undique  olaudit 

Saxa, per  quae,  Peneus  ab  imo 

Cffustis  Pindo,  spumosis  volviter  undis 
Dejectisque — tenues  agitantia  fumos, 
Nubila  conducit,  summisque  as^ergine  sylvas      "     '", 
Impluit,  et  sonitu — vicina  fatigat." 

The  question  has  often  been  mooted,  which  of  the 
two  Cataracts  in  the  vicinity  of  Q^uebec  is  most 
worthy  of  a  visit?  and  the  only  correct  reply  ia,both — ' 
for  in  their  prominent  aspects,  they  exhibit  few 
points  of  contrast.  To  a  person  who  desires  nothing 
more  than  the  primary  and  sudden  electric  feeling 
of  an  overpowering  and  rapturous  surprise,  the  cas- 
cade of  Montmorenci  would  certainly  be  preferable — 
but  to  the  visitor,  whose  understanding  and  sensi- 
bilities are  animated  by  an  infusion  of  antiquated 
romance,  the  Falfi  of  the  Chaudiere  Avould  be  more 
attractive.  ;. 

^  Two  modes  of  visiting  them  are  adopted — that 
by  water  presents  no  novelty,  as  the  steam-boaJ: 


41 


lat 


passage  displays  the  same  scene.  The  moet  agree* 
able  is  to  cross  at  the  ferry  to  the  tavern  at  Point 
Levi — and  while  the  carriage  is  preparing,  to  walk 
on  the  banks  of  the  river,  north-east,  until  the  Falls 
of  Montmorenci  are  perceptible.  By  this  means, 
the  visitor  obtains  by  far  the  best  survey  of  Quebec, 
which  is  presented  to  his  regard— Montmorenci, 
with  its  surrounding  objects,  suso  offers  a  new  and 
I  pleasurable  landscape  to  the  beholder — and  a  novel 
view  of  the  Island  of  Orleans,  and  of  the  river  in 
its  eourse  below,  is  enjoyed — both  of  which  are 
nearly  imperceptible  from  the  city — except  the 
more  elevated  part  of  the  land,  extending  to  the 
[Telegraphic  Observatory;. 

As  soon  as  the  hill  behind  the  tavern  is  ascended, 
the  scenery  is  very  inviting,  and  when  contempla-* 
ted  both  f3[oing  and  returning,  comprises  a  success- 
fve  diversity  of  feature,  highly  picturesque.  The 
listance  to  the  mouth  of  the  Chaudiere,  by  the  cir^' 
suitous  land  road,  is  nearly  nine  miles ;  and  thance 
[wo  routes  are  used  to  attain  a  sight  of  the  Falls.  1. 
fy  one  course,  visitors  cross  at  &e  ferrv — and  an 
idirect  path  conducts  them  to  the  west  bank  of  the 
iver.  2.  By  the  other,  the  traveller  diverges  from 
le  Lawrence,  some  distance  north  of  the  Chau- 
fiere,  and  arrives  within  a  short  walk  of  the  Falls, 
\  the  eastern  bank. 

The  river  at  the  Cascade  is  much  compressed, 
iing  only  about  4ti0  feet  across ;  and  the  depth  into 
le  Poty  a»  it  is  usually  termed,  is  nearly  45  yards, 
lany  rocks  divide  the  stream,  precisely  at  the  Fall, 
^to  three  chief  currents,  of  which  the  westerlv  is 
ie  largest — these  partially  re-unite  before  their 


'■>•".. 


•rfi 


•Ml 


**^ 


t  't 


broken,  ajad  aifitatcd  waves  are  receiveU  ijito  the 
\mmn>}  whj^rA  e^ioh  dashing  against  the  oUier  main- 
tains ^  tqrbutejnt  whirlpool.  fJie^  Ibwn  oi'  the  rock 
ioi«€i  s^  part  of  the  waters  into  an  oblique  direction, 
a^ya^cing  thenp  beyond  the  line  of  the,  preqipice^ 
whiki  th^  cavities,  ia  the  rocke^  increase  the  foaming 
fqjy  of  the  revoiviqg.  v^Eiierfim  their  desoent^  dis- 
pl£^^iiq£r  globule  figmes^of  bnlliant  whitenoBs,  which 
afe.ri^y  onitraBt^d  with  the.  encircling..  dark<  and 

t)my  cline,  viw^  the  asceiylixig  spmy  developcs 
tlif^  varietur,  of  the.  colored  clpudy  a^relv  and  en- 
livens the  beauty  of  the  landscape  The  wild  di- 
yensi^  of  rockp,  the  folia«e  of  the  oyerhangjiug 
woods,  the  rapid  motion,  me  efiulgeiit  brighUieea, 
aed'thci.deeyply  sotencwt  spurid  o^  the  cataxacts,  all 
cotQ^in|ng^to,p;:espBt  a  ric^  assemblftge  of  objects 
higbly.  atU'a^tjiVfi,  especially  whep  the  visitpr,  emei- 
fflngifi^ip^  the  wood,  is.instentanep\;isly  surprii^d  by 
^e.  d^Ugbtfiil.  W5en^  Below,  the  viewr  is  greatJy 
c%w^i,^i  the,  F^^K  produce  ap  additionally 
stPOTjg.a^id.  vivid  iiopr^s^iion. 

T^-yallipiojf.ltfpntn^orenci  are  npt  immediately 
suipiip^ed  l^.  ^ny;  rjjggied:  sqcn^ry,  calculated  to 
strf^n^ep  and  pemetwaie  the  pequiw  emotion, 
whipjS^is  expi^d.by  th«j  fost^^iinpse  cf/Ui^  cascade 
— bH^-thCf  dreJBqjy  wildne^ Ja  the  toUage  of  the  en- 
circling forest,  the  total  absence  of  eve^  vestige  of 
hum^l^  imp^vmwt,  and  the  tvimultupus.  war  apd  I 
cominj^tio^  and  efiiilg^e,  th^^t;  ii|ces^Kr  oiccupy 
the  n^A^eoi^  rivpt  t^^^^ 

^mvii^^ot  the.Che\tt4iere,  conjop»e4  with.the  wider 
expansion^and  larger  quantity  of  the  water  in  the 


"■¥* 


'M 


43 


ito  the 
rmain- 
le  rock 
rection, 

baming 
jntvdiB- 
jjwhich 

jvdopcs 
and  en- 
wild  di- 

racts^  all 
f  objects 

>r,  emei- 
irised  by 

greatly 
IHionally 

mediately 
Jated  to 
emotion, 
i  ca^ade 
the  en- 
rfistigeof 
wirapd] 
o«ccupy 
jriin.the] 

;he  wider 
:er  inthel 


jiti'eani,  in  the  opinion  6f  many  visitors,  mote  than 
compensate  for  the  gi^tfJr-ctevatibn  IVdm  which  tife 
^vate^s  of  the  Moritmorenciare  'preteipitatefl. 


■*M« 


V.  LoftifM*E.-^dte  dfthe'trioiit  *a^t'eeiilite*6X<rtrr- 
Bions  in  'ffhe  Vicinity  ;of  daebfec  is  ftat  *to  Aife  hwliian 
village,  tind  Lake  Charles.  The  drit^r  tJiOfdW 
be  directed  io  change  his  route  6h  the  rettirn,  fe6  as 
to  pass  %  thfe  ea^t^m  batik  6f  t'he'tiVeIr,  tthd  thus 
the  v^tng  flcen^iy  is  partidljr  changi^d. 

After  a  considefmt^is  ^sc^t,  at  ibttr  mites  distst^ik^ 
from  Quebec,  the  traVfe'ttet  arrives  at  Charlebourg, 
a  very  conspicuous  villagfe,  cotnpt^sing  e^ut  seven- 
ty houses— ^flienoe  th6  westerti  rdtitfe  conducts  to 
Lorette,  and  f  hfe  easterly  fcoutse  leads  to  Lake  fi^u- 
port,  the  ride  to  which  is  am'ply  cJompertsatedby  tha 
diversified  landscape. 

The  Indian  villa^  is  about  eight  mflesTrdtti  tJhc 
city,  built  xtpdh  £m  elevated  situatticfn,  wteiceiliene 
is  an  ^ jctensivfely  varied  and  agi^ei^bte  lahd6<iaj^, 
in  many  points  siiViflar  to  thiat  iiS'm  CapeDifeimbttcl, 
but  also  hicliJrding  some  attradtiVie  hbv^tiiels  df  dut- 
line.  ft  exhibits  a  bold  and  beautiful  vi^lv  of  tjtfe- 
bee  and  its  sdburbs,  and  in  its  extent,  it  i^ 'bouhdted 
solely  by  the  distant  southern  mountains,  thfe  in- 
habitants  retain  maniy  of  the  promin^irt  dikracter- 
istics  of  the  aboriginal  roamers  of  the  fdref^,  cbhAi- 
I  ned  with  vicious  nabits  Co(ntracted  "by  theiir  projnn- 
iquity  to  a  large  sea-'po'it,  and  their  inti^rcoutsle  Wiflt 
its  mi^tdry  populatiort.  At  ttils  village  is  a  very 
I  charming  view  of  the  river  diaries,  tumbling  and 
I  foaming  over  the  rocks  and  liedg^  to  a  ^r^at  dtepth. 
I  The  rugged  and  perpendiculariy  elevated  livoody 

B  2 


•1    J  ■'        '  u 


v.  !«♦    ^.:1 

-MM 
■  ••  i  ■  ,♦  m 


:-A<.. 


14 

cliffs,  in  connection  with  the  impetuous  rush  ot'  tlie 
waters,  although  circumscribed  m  extent,  and  there 
fore  affording  no  expanded  flxMpect  in  immediate 
front,  yet  as  seen  from  the  Saw  Mill,  and  from  the 
bank  and  the  bridge  at  the  head  of  the  dell,  in  its 
different  nodtions  wad  aspects,  constitute  an  object, 
which,  wtien  contrasted  with  the  more  majestic  ca- 
taracts of  Montmorenci,  and  the  Chaudiere,  or  re- 
collected in  combination  with  them,  furnishes,  in  me- 
morial, an  addition  to  the  varieties  which  those  stu- 
pendous natural  curiosities  embody. 

VI.  Lakb  CHiiRLEs. — The  distance  from  Lorette 
to  the  Lake  is  nearly  six  miles,  and  speedily  after 
leaving  the  village,  the  grand  prospect,  and  the  tra- 
ces of  civilization  and  numan  existence,  become 
comparatively  '^  faint,  and  few  and  far  between." 
On  the  return  from  the  Lake,  the  effect  is  instanta- 
neous. Emerging  at  once  by  the  turn  of  the  hill, 
from  deep  solitude  and  a  compact  forest,  into  all  the 
expanse  of  the  extended  and  variegated  landscape, 
discernible  at  the  foot  of  the  exterior  mountain,  the 
traveller  is  enraptured  with  a  display  of  aboriginal 
and  cultivated  drapery,  to  which  memory  ever  de- 
lights to  recur. 

The  Lake  is  an  enchanting  picture;  and  thoeej 
who  have  beheld  some  of  the  more  renowned  Eu- 
ropean inland  waters,  have  asserted,  that  it  deve- 
lopes  imagery  Uttle  inferior  in  natural  beauty  andj 
creative  decoration  to  those  reservoirs,  which  his- 
tory and  poetrv  have  consecrated  to  perennial  re- 
miembrance.  Upon  a  calm  summer's  day,  when  in| 
the  season  the  forest  displays  its  numberless  lights 


repoe< 

scene 

ffood 

Henr] 

and  fe 

nientei 


more  dis 
rM  in  t 
are  exhi 
of  land 
covered 
^Me  ab 
alternate 
ence  a  n 

geologica 
ciiaractei 
^lension  Ii 


of  tlie 
Lthere- 
lediato 
om  the 
I,  in  its 
object, 
istic  ca- 
i,  or  re- 
3,inine- 
loee  stu- 


I  Lorette 
[Hy  after! 
itnetra- 
become 
etween." 
inetanta- 
I  the  hill, 
[to  all  the 
mdficape, 
itain,  the  I 
iboriginal 
'  ever  de-| 

ind  those 
jed  Eu- 
it  deve 
lauty  and 
Ihich  his- 
ftnnial  re- 
I,  when  in 
3SS  ligl^^^ 


1« 

and  tstiade^s,  and  the  mountain,  wood  and  waters  all 
repose  in  undisturbed  calmness,  tlie  quietude  (^  the 
scene  exactly  harmonizes  with  the  placidness  of  a 
^ood  conscience.  If  the  beholder  there  recalled 
Henry  Kirk  White  to  his  memory,  he  mi^ht  justly 
and  feelingly  soliloquize  in  the  strains  ot  thtit  la- 
mented bard : 

"  And  oh !  how  sweet  this  scene  o'erhung  with  wood,    '    ' 
That  winds  the  margin  of  tlie  solemn  flood ! 
What  rural  objects  steal  upon  the  sight — 
What  varied  views  prolong  the  calm  delight ! 
Above,  below,  where'er  I  turn  my  eyes, 
Rocks,  water,  woods  in  grand  succession  rise  V*  '     '^ 

In  outline,  the  Lake  Charles  is  very  irregular — it  is 
rather  more  than  (bur  miles  in  len^h,  but  its  great- 
est  breadth  does  not  exceed  one  mile ;  and  it  is  sub- 
divided, by  a  narrow  strait,  into  nearly  equal  por- 
tions. Embosomed,  between  elevated  hills,  its 
shores  are  clothed  with  that  density  of  wood  and  di* 
versified  foliage,  which  are  so  universal  in  North 
America;  and  the  peaks  and  tops  of  some  of  the 
more  distant  northern  mountains  arc  singularly  va- 
ried in  their  configurations,  and  from  their  height 
are  exhibited  in  a  very  imposing  ajspect.  The  pomts 
of  land  which  occ£isionally  streteh  into  the  lake,  are 
covered  with  shrubs  and  many  species  of  trees ; 
while  abrupt  rocky  bluffs,  and  ^mm  swampy  bays 
alternately  present  to  the  amateur  and  man  of  sci- 
ence a  rich  display  of  ornament,  and  materials  for 
geological  and  ootanical  retsearch.  In  scenes  of  this 
j  character,  the  Omnipotent  <Jevelopes  to  our  appre- 
{liension  his  beauteous  and  tecinating material  ope- 


1 

"   *  t1 

'if 


■m 


f;- 


X 


^^ 


'   ^fl 


:^'\*^- 

*^'i;^? 


i!i- 


ratiQtt6-*and  ^trangens  who  visit  Quebec,  and  who 
do  i)pt  devote  a  few  bours  to  ^  m\  upon  this  Lake, 
\<m  th^  pQatepxplQ.tion  of  a  highly  endowed  and  pic- 
turesque 1^4scsipe,  and  deprive  themselves  u  a 
lovely  excursipo,  nid  an  unalloyed  indulgence,  to 
which  th$  mind  wpMld  always  revert  in  gratifying 
retrospect. 

Of  Lake  Charles,  in  the  early  winter,  in  a  clear 
brilliant  meridian,  and  a  calm  atmosphere,  no  lan- 
guage can  possibly  convey  a  more  accurately  de- 
scriptive idea,  than  Grahame's  harmonious  poesy — 
it  is  the  very  imagery  of  t^he  cold  frosty  Canadian 
latter  Autuau),  conveyed  by  genius  in  words  to  the 
eye : 


(. 


'WheQ  the  waveless  lake, 


In  which  Uie  winU*;^  9t9^r^  all  bright  appear, 
Is  sheeted  by  the  nightly  frost  with  ice — 
Stiy  it  refle.ct8  the  fece  of  Heaven,  unchanged, 
Unruffled  by  the  breeze,  or  sweeping  blast." 

He  who  has  seen  the  graceful  picture  in  July, 
even  if  he  has  not  beheld  the  subsequent  metamor- 
phoaui  in  November,  upon  reading  those  lines,  will 
leel  re-animated  with  the  reminiscences  of  Lake 
Charies,  and  the  indescribable  first  gtimpse  of  the 
pre^pect  on  his  retiim  to  Quebec. 

"I  . ..  '■ 

VIL  Panohama  or  Qu£Bi».*-'To  tlie  admirers  of 
a  panorama,  the  euwey  of  Quebec  and  its  vicinity.  { 
from  the  eleeples  of  the  Episcopal  and  Roman  j 
chiorchea,  is  vfury  enchanting.  It  apparently  com- 
binef  much  of  thie  iUusjons  ch  art,  with  the  palpablei 
reality  of  nature.    The  perpendicular  character  oi 


4T 


the  declivity  precludes  the  view  of  the  Lower  Town, 
immediately  beneath  the  precipice,  but  that  of  the 
Upper  Town  and  the  Suburbs  is  impressively  pic- 
turesque. From  the  Flag  Staff  along  the  brow  oi' 
the  hill,  until  it  reaches  its  highest  elevation  on  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  Plains  of  Aoraham,  and 
thence  passing  rotmd  the  Suburbs,  the  limit  is  re- 
stricted— ^but  from  the  west,  it  expands  it&elf  to  the 
distant  hilk,  until  progressively  it  terminates  in 
Cape  Tourment. 

The  nearer  objects  are  presented  in  all  their  clear- 
ness and  variety ;  and  not  only  do  the  more  promi- 
nent edifices  appear  in  their  proportionate  impor* 
tanee,  bnt  the  different  thoroughfares  which  are 
discernible,  give  a  peculiar  vivacity  to  the  other- 
wise agreeable  eidiibition.  The  Market  Place, 
Faibrique  street,  Buade  street,  Anne  street,  the  Place 
-d'Armes,  ftnd  Des  Carrieres  street,  immediately  b^- 
low,  combine  a  contrast,  which,  by  the  motion  Of 
the  pedestrians,  delightfully  mingles  with  the  tor- 
pid masses  around  them.  The  effect  of  the  scene  is 
much  augmented,  by  the  skirting  of  the  city,  As 
thus  presented  to  the  observer.  From  the  west., 
northerly  to  the  east,  the  rising  l^ights  encircle  the 
view ;  unfolding  all  the  variegated  appearance  of 
themmintain  tints  above  the  fields^  in  cultivatk^n, 
and  especially,  the  bay  of  Quebec,  with  iti»  nume- 
rous veseelis  m  all  descriptioner,  moving  and  at  an- 
chor, unveils  a  panoramic  prospect  ^  particular 
richness  and  beauty,  chafra!Ct<erized'  not  only  by  an 
extraordinary  diversity,  but  a^  by  an  uncommon 
dif^inctneaa — as  in  pictures  of  this  species,  especially 
where  large  cities  are  delineated,  the  confusion  o!" 

B  4 


^M^ 


4:^ 


i'.l) 


■0' 


*:. 


m 


11  >^..:'. 


),i1 


•     1   V     N»l 


> 


1I^"f 


« 


v^r 


48 


the  objects  frequently  diminishes  our  pleasurable 
emotions. 

Gentlemen  who  visit  Quebec  are  recommended 
to  obtain  permission  that  they  may  ascend  one  of 
the  steeples  for  this  purpose ;  as  the  glimpse  of  the 
city  from  the  north-east  end  of  the  citadel,  is  totally 
inadequate  to  convey  any  correct  idea  of  the  prin- 
cipal features;  which  the  view  from  the  spires  of 
the  churches  presents  in  such  charming  graphic  re- 
lieve. 


VIII.  Quebec  to  Paul's  Bay.— The  view  ot'the 
scenery  from  the  west  end  of  the  Island  of  Orlecms 
is  exquisitely  diversified — there  is  a  richness  of  com- 
bination, and  a  variety  of  picture,  which  the  pen 
would  vainly  attempt  to  delmeate.  Near  Point  Le- 
vi, the  river  is  seen  some  miles  to  the  south-west  i 
the  Suburbs  of  St  Rock;  and  the  country  extend- 
ing to  the  near  heights,  around  to  Charlebourg. 

There  is  a  beautiful  contrast  between  the  woody 
and  verdant  appearance  of  Point  Levi,  and  the 
north  side  of  the  city,  in  its  gradual  elevation  from 
the  water. 

This  panoramic  view  is  highly  impressive.  After 
rounding  the  point,  the  distant  blue  hills  to  the  east- 
ward appear — ^thence  the  eye  looks  upon  the  k>wer 
land  and  woods  of  Point  Levi.  This  expedition  is 
varied  by  the  cleared  country  and  lengtliened  vil- 
lage of  Beauport,  with  the  hills  beyond :  the  Uuff 
prominence  at  the  end  of  the  Island ;  the  extraordi* 
nary  grandeur  of  the  Falls,  which  appear  like  one 
vast,  uninterrupted  ^eet  of  precipitated  foam :  and 
thence  transferring  the  eye  tip  the  Charles  River, 


49 

the  bridge  unfolds  a  romantic  composure,  highly 
picture^ue.  The  view  of  the  city,  when  the  mouth 
of  the  Lawrence  is  no  loneer  perceptible,  exactly 
fills  up  the  magnificent  landscape. 

Above  Quebec  there  is  nothing  scarcely  worthy 
oi*  notice,  ailer  this  view,  except  the  scene  below 
the  Richelieu  Rapids,  and  the  approach  to  Montreal. 

As  the  observer  proceeds,  the  objects  disappear 
until  a  picture  of  tmique  beauty  is  presented.  The 
church  and  the  village  of  Point  Levi  are  distinctly 
seen  in  the  lefi  comer.  In  the  front  is  an  amphi- 
theatre extending  from  Rock's  Suburbs  to  Charle- 
bourg,  which  bounds  the  view.  The  rear  of  the 
survey  is  encircled  with  the  high  hills,  which  also 
appear  over  the  end  of  the  Isknd — and  amateurs 
are  particularly  requested  to  watch  for  the  opening 
of  the  elevated  village  on  the  extreme  rifirht,  that 
they  may  enjoy  a  cot^  cTeet^,  which  throu^  a  good 
magnifyingglass  is  indescribably  beauteous  and  de* 
lightful.  Proceeding  down  the  river,  the  south 
shore  of  the  Island,  near  the  water,  is  very  par- 
tially cultivated,  and  presents  continued  undula* 
tions.  The  scene  about  the  Telegraph  and  below 
is  hiffhly  agreeabiC,  and  thence  onward  to  the  point 
on  Timicn  stands  the  church  of  Laurent,  exhibiting 
an  exact  picture  of  Canada,  when  cultivated  and 
settled  near  the  banks  of  the  Lawrence;  except 
that  the  country,  as  the  river  is  ascended,  developes 
occasional  marks  of  superior  agriculture.  Below 
the  parallel  of  the  church  of  Laurent,  the  view  is 
very  attractive,  containing  all  the  ornamental  as- 
semblages of  a  landscape — wood,  ikrms,  water,  and 
highlands.  The  first  sight  of  Cape  Tourment,  pre- 
senting its  bold  bluff  in  all  its  nch  blueness,  here 

B  5  . 


n^ 


■x'4 


!■•* 


■i! 


:;V' 


A  ' 


!',♦  a 


M*-.      ill 


foriiMi  a  rich  contrast  with  the  verdant  islandis,  stud- 
ded wiih  houses,  more  immediately  in  front.  With 
the  ves^k  in  full  sail  up  and  down  the  rivei^the 
scene  is  greatly  enlivened— ^as  the  stretch  of  the 
kuidiKsapa  westward  includes  a  bw  space  betw^een 
the  Island  on  the  right,  and  a  romantic  view  of 
Point  JL^i,  adorned  witii  ita  chui^h  iand  village  at 
the  base. 

From  the  Telegraph  to  St.  John,  the  side  jof  the 
Island  is  entirely  cultivated,  and  speedily  after  re- 
ceding from  the  last  ^impse  of  tPoint  Levi,  the  k- 
land  jSiadame  i.M>ears  directly  ahead.  FromsPoint 
Jc^nthe  Capes  nelow  Cape  Tourment  become  vi- 
sible-^^nd  the  appearance  of  the  Island,  to  its  woody 
point  on  the  east  end,  remains  identical.  On  the 
main  Jand,  the  south  ^hpre  comprises  the  usual  va- 
i^ty  and  the  iwdinary  features  of  the  banks  of  the 
l^wrence.  The  view  fiiom  the  river,  when  equi- 
distant from  Lam^eat  and  John,  is  beautifully  varied. 
In  the  Seigpiories  >to  the  south  it  is  less  divestod'of 
wood,  and  l^e  ahernaticms  of  clumps  of  trees  amid 
the  cleared  ground,  give  to  the  scene  its  character- 
istic American  feature&-*while  en  the  north  the 
whole  shore  is  perfectly  cuhivated,  and  completely 
guided  by  the  circular  raf\ge  of  mountains  extend- 
ing westerly  from  Cape  Tourment.  Above  and>be- 
low  there  is  a  sweet  landscape,  which  on  the  >east 
is  entirely  skirted  by  the  firat  range  of  highlands, 
lunning  trom  the  river  towards  the  south. 

As  progress  is  made  down  the  river,  and  the  base 
of  Cape  Tourment  ^becomes  discernible,  tte  scene  is 
compt^ly  changed.  On  the  south  shone,  the  low, 
cultivated  lands  are  >thicjkly  settled,  and  present  a 
rich  foreground  to  thegradually  Ascending  country, 


f- 


St 

until  at  a  i'ar  distance  in  the  rear,  the  landscape  is 
bounded  by  the  tope  of  the  continuous  mountain 
range.  The  gradual  ascent,  distinctly  perceptible 
from  the  southern  shore  to  the  commingling  of  the 
hills  with  the  sky,  offers  to  view  a  varied  and  roomy 
landscape,  which  is  strongly  contrasted  with  the 
Island,  capped  by  the  blue  hills,  exhibiting  their 
varied  tops  and  craggy  projections. 

At  this  point  the  river  greatly  wid<^  and  the 
scene  in  immediate  front  assumes  an  oceanic  fea- 
ture^ Ail^  the  Island  is  completely  passed,  the 
view  up  the  river  is  deli^tfuL  On  the  Island  it 
extends  to  Laurent,  develq>ing  a  fine  bay,  with  the 
Ii^  Madame  in  front — a  lengthened  view  of  the 
north  shore^  with  its:  cultivated  fields,  and  forest  as^ 
cending  hdiind  to  the  top  of  the  lofly  hills  bounding 
the  view.  The  Priests'  Farm  iff  immediately  in 
itoni,  from  which  is  another  rich  and  divenvfied 
lajidseafpe.  From  thet  foot'  of  Gape  Toisrment  the 
view  to  the  eastward  is  extended  by  the  course  of 
the  hills  to  Cape  Rock,  on  the  south  shore-^andon 
the  north,  the  continuous  succession  ci'  bold  barren 
head  lands  is  seen  nearly  to  Paul's  Bays  The  suc- 
cession of  islands,  Madame,  Crane,  Goose,  and  the 
siitaUer  isletsj  bear  many  of  the  same  features. 
Tl»y  are  not' much  elevated,  woody,  and,  with  the 
exceptioh  of  Crane  and  Goose  Islands,  nearly  \min- 
habited; 

P^s^ng  them  on  the  north  side,  they  present 
some  diversity  of  pictorial  appearance — long  low 
levels,  and  round  terminating  prominences— but  as 
a  whole,  they  constitute  a  kind  of  distinct  parapet 
to  the  distant  southern  scenery,  interspersing  with 


'%  .    '1 


^, 


f, 


■■■  ti»ij 
V- 


'-'   I  •'hi 


♦TV 


■'  Ad 

the  amooUi  shore  in  front,  bluffs,  inlets  of  water,  and 
verdant  forest  in  its  distinctness  of  foliage. 

Between  the  islands  appear  the  villag;es  of  Ber^ 
thier  and  Thomas,  with  the  picturesque  and  thickly 
peopled  settlements  around  them. 

Afler  pursuing  the  course  some  miles,  on  the  north 
shore,  the  direct  front  view  is  mtercepted  by  the 
Me  Aux  Coudres — which  forms  em  interesting  per- 
spective,  when  the  approach  is  sufficiently  near  to 
distinguish  its  low  and  sandy  shore ;  the  church  and 
houses  forming  an  interesting  diversity  of  minor 
leindscapes,  as  a  foreground  to  the  rear  high  lands. 
This  scene  displays  a  perpetual  variety  or  appear^ 
ance  in  its  minuter  forms,  as  the  observer  changes 
his  posision*  The  extremity  of  the  view,  easteny, 
is  marked  by  Goose  Cape  and  Cape  Rock ;  all  be-- 
tween  them  being  uninterrupted  water. 

Of  the  islands  generally,  it  may  be  remarked, 
that  they  have  a  bolder  and  more  attractive  ap- 
pearance on  the  sail  up,  than  down  the  river. 

Paul's  Bay  is  about  three  miles  deep  and  two  wide, 
at  its  entrance.  Cape  au  Cabeau  on  the  east,  and 
Cape  de  la  Baie  on  the  west,  into  which  empties 
the  River  Gouffre.  These  Capes  are  of  considera- 
ble height,  and  approximate  to  a  perpendicular  as- 
cent. The  bay  is  amj^hitheatric  in  form^  and 
with  the  lofty  circuitous  hills  to  the  north,  \mfold&  a 
very  romantic  and  agreeable  scene.  The  church  is 
a  prominent  object — and  the  thickly  clustered  hou- 
ses at  the  heau  of  the  bay,  are  in  a  semicircular 
range.  The  hills  behind  are  very  precipitous,  and 
their  tops  present  a  grand  variety  of  appearance, 
in  round  bluffs  and  sharp  cones,  carried  about  until 
they  terminate  in  the  Capes  at  the  mouth  of  the 


bay.  In  its  hilly  appearance,  the  north  scene  a  lit^ 
tie  resembles  the  upper  end  of  the  Lake  Charles, 
with  a  bolder  outline  and  loftier  prominences.  This 
view  is  softened,  by  the  cultivation  of  all  the 
front  low  ffround,  and  by  turning  to  the  Isle  Aux 
Coudres,  which  exhibits  to  the  observer  from  the 
bay  a  miniature  picture  of  the  west  end  of  the  Is- 
land of  Orleans — and  on  the  east,  between  the  island 
and  the  main  land,  is  seen  the  long  blue  coast 
stretching  to  Ctoose  Cape — and  thence  turning  across 
the  riyer,  here  thirteen  miles  wide,  the  view  from 
the  west  part  of  the  island  meets  the  southern  land- 
scape, until  in  its  ample  extension  of  hill  and  dale, 
islands  and  water,  the  whole  is  intermixed  with  the 
maze  of  the  horizon.  The  front  view  of  Paul's 
Bay,  exclusive  of  the  water,  is  much  assimilated  in 
a  minor  degree  to  some  of  the  Swiss  valleys  among 
the  spurs  of  the  Alps,  both  in  the  wildness  of  the 
hills,  and  the  studded  small  farms  on  the  more  level 
but  undulating  ground  below.  Of  the  climate  in 
this  vicinity,  some  idea  may  be  formed  irom  the  fact 
that,  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  May,  large  quanti- 
ties of  snow  stiil  covered  the  tops  of  the  mountains 
to  the  north. 

The  Capes  have  a  great  similitude  of  appear- 
ance ;  ihey  are  partly  bare,  or  partially  covered  with 
stumpy  evergreens,  dwarash  pines,  and  shrubs  of 
the  hardier  species.  The  high  prominences  are 
clothed  with  trie  same  desolate  and  cheerless  exte- 
rior ;  varying  principally  in  their  elevation  and  the 
sharpness  ot  their  projections  towards  the  water. 
They  offer  a  striking  contrast  with  the  southern 
bank  of  the  river,  which  latter  constitutes  a  vast  aiA- 
phitheatre ;  the  only  defect  of  which  as  a  landscape 


■■•I'',.,  f' 


•"•••■■•*i 

■  •  4-- 

' ,  .  I  n  ■; 
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MM 

V 


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«4 


ii^)'  that  from  the  distance,  the  objects  are  so  amalga- 
mated as  to  produce  an  indiatincttiesfl  of  vision. 

Proceeding  up  the  river,  the  Capes  change  their 
appearance,  and  are  much  more  romantic.  They 
Ibrm  an  apparently  continuous  succession  of  pro- 
montories and  mountainous  cliffs— the  rou^  mild- 
ness of  which  is  augtnevited  byi  the  mbmentary 
glance  at  the  regularit}^  of  the  elevated  lands  to  the 
tftouth.  This  scenic  uni^rmity  is  beautifully  inter^ 
ruptidd  fcythe  varying  appearawce  of  the  inlands  in 
front;.  The  land^ape,  as  the  obs^irver  ai^oends>  the 
river^  is  of  superior  gratification  to  that  on  the  pro- 
gress ddwntw^s— to  the  east  it  is  almost  a  lar^e 
spates  of  watei^-4)Ut  the  adjaceivt  mountains,  the  dis- 
tant hills,  the  neak^  land,  relieve  the  eye  from  the 
unchaniMableness  of  a  merely  aquatic  viewi 

The  Capes  all  bear  the  sarnie' generic  chamcter, 
and  appear  to  be  of  a  similar  formation  with  the 
chain  which  is  extended  along  to  the  north  and 
west  of  Quebec. 

Near  Cape  Gribanier  the  elevation  and  exterior 
features  and  aspect  of  the  hills,  areoccaBioniilly  very 
much  like  part  of  the^  highlands  on  the  Hudson,  and 
the  upper  end  of  Lake  Champlain — only  develop- 
ing more  sterility. 

From  Cape  Tourment  to  the  Petite  Riviere,  not 
one  settlement  is  found — ^the  whole  shore  is  too 
abrupt  and  rocky^  the  banks  being-craggy  and 
nearly  perpendicular,  though  of  various  altitudes. 
From  the  fSrst  westerly  cottage,  towards  Paul'6  Bay, 
the  inhabitants  progressively  increase  and  thicken, 
until  the  village  is  approached.  Them  persons 
must  unavmdably  live  secluded  from  all  intercourse 
with  mankind,  full  one  half  of  the  year,  in  the  very 


&li 


(iieariness  and  solitude  of  an  uninterniitting  arctic 
winter. 

The  north  shore  of  the  Island  presents  a  great 
similarit)^  of  appearance  with  the  southern — ^^ascend- 
ing  the  river  on  the  right,  the  scenery  iabeautifully 
varied.  The  settlements  are  near  the  bank  of  the 
river,  which  is  considerably  raised,  and  ibraa  almost 
a  continual  street  to  Cluebec.  From  the  Priests' 
Farm  several  parishes  are  passed,  the  Chateau  Ri- 
cher in  ruins,  and  at  the  west  end  of  the  Island,  the 
grand  view  of  the  bay,  and  the  Falls  of  .Montmo-  ^ 
i^enci  unfold  all  their  beau^  and  ma^ificence. 

By  the  southern  channel  of  the^river,  from  the 
parallel  of  the  Isle  jHuh  Coudres  to  the  end  of  the 
Island  of  Orleans,  the  jscene  is  of  course  changed. 
The  ran^e  of  Capes  appear  in  the  distant  north,  eu'- 
closing  the  vijew  m  all  tneir  rugged  barrenness, and  '^ 
the  southern  shore  in  its  cultivation,  villages,  and 
almost  unbroken  settlements,  becomes  here  distinct 
^d  beautiful  in  its  variegated  display. 

The  breadth  of  the  river  renders  any  attempt 
for  scenic  survey  below  Paul's  Bay  useless — but  in 
all  e^xcursions  to  view  the  river,  the  steam-^boat 
should  take  both  courses — the  southern  channel 
should  be  passed  by  one  route,  the  Isle  Aux  Coudres 
shoidd  be  sailed  round  on  the  eastern  side,  Sd;id  the 
northern  channel  be  pursued  on  the  return,  or  vice 
versa. 

When  the  tide  would  serve  at  a  very  early  hour 
in  the  morning,  so  that  it^  excursion  might  be  com- 
pleted by  the  du^  of  the  evening,  it  is  &lieved,  no 
inland  sail  on  the  continent  coim)ine6  a  richer  piC" 
lure  in  prnate  variety,  than  the  trip  to  Paul's  Bay. 


■'     s-  ^ 


tf- 


•^*« 


'II''.    jin- 


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I* 


#1  ■■»  V 


56 

IX.  Excursions. — Americans  usually  visit  Que- 
bec as  the  last  Lion  in  their  tour — aiid  generally 
embark  in  the  steam-boat  from  Montreal,  remain 
twenty-four  hours,  and  then  return,  without  seeing 
any  thing,  except  a  cursory  view  of  the  city — where- 
as Quefcic  and  its  environs  abound  in  the  most  ro- 
mantic and  charming  views,  certainly  not  equalled 
on  the  continent  of  North  America,  and  affording  a 
rich  banquet  to  all  admirers  of  the  beauties  of  na- 
ture. 

Upon  attempting  to  gain  the  first  view,  the  high- 
est spot  should  bi  setected,  if  convenient,  as  the 
steeples  of  the  churches,  or  any  other  lofly  object — 
as  thence,  the  whole  vicinity,  so  far  as  perceptible, 
is  at  once,  like  a  map,  distinctly  seen.  An  attend- 
ant acquainted  with  the  landscape,  and  who  can 
define  Uie  various  towns,  villages,  and  the  topogra- 
phy of  the  whole,  is  highly  requisite,  as  the  specta- 
tor thereby  obtains  a  general  knowledge  of  the  lo- 
cality of  the  various  prominent  scenery.  VHien 
withm  the  Citadel,  a  position  should  be  taken  near 
the  Inclined  Plane,  within  the  walls — from  this 
spot,  the  course  of  the  river  up  and  down,  with  the 
opposite  banks  of  the  Lawrence,  the  extensive  plains 
Micked  by  aerial  mountains,  the  shores  of  Beauport, 
the  mouth  ot  the  Montmorenci,  the  chain  of  moun- 
tains terminating  m  Cape  Tourment,  the  Island  of 
Orleans,  and  the  Bay  or  Quebec,  ofier  a  coup  deceit 
xery  magnificent,  and  scarcely  surpassed  on  earth. 

From  the  top  of  the  Signal  Post,  and  the  summit 
of  Brock's  Cavalier,  two  splendid  panoramas  oi'the 
city  and  country  are  beheld.  They  are  unrivalled 
— ^K>r  the  boasted  Bay  of  Naples  would  gain  little 
by  the  comparison.    The  walk  along  the  Kamparts, 


«t 


Id 


•-5 


looking  to  tlie  suburbs  of  Louis  and  John,  is  a  de- 
lightful promenade,  enlivened  by  extensive  and 
beautiful  views.  At  high  water,  near  sun-set,  the 
river  Charles,  from  the  fortifications,  presents  a 
lovelv  lake-like  appearance,  the  shores  of  which  are 
studded  with  builumgs,  lit  up  by  the  declining  rays 
of  the  glorious  orb.  From  the  Grand  Battery  and 
the  promenade  in  iront  of  the  Monument  to  Wolfe 
and  Montcalm,  are  seen  extensive  and  charming 
prospects.  Indeed  no  city  in  the  universe  combines 
more  lovely  promenades,  which  present  splendid 
views  of  the  highest  attraction,  than  Quebec. 

A  morning's  walk  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  of- 
fers the  beautiful  scenery  with  its  historical  recolleo- 
tious  in  fresh  tints.  The  pedestrian,  on  leaving 
Louis  Gate,  should  turn  up  the  stairs  to  the  Glacis, 
continue  his  course  under  the  Citadel,  and  pursue  a 
path  to  the  right,  leaving  the  Tower  to  the  right. 
A  public  mall  mi^ht  easily  be  formed  in  this  direc- 
tion of  the  most  mteresting  character.  The  views 
of  the  Lawrence  on  the  left  and  front  are  very  beau- 
teous, and  the  path  is  adorned  with  the  hues  of  dif- 
ferent evergreens.  At  the  termination  of  the  inclo- 
sures,  the  bank  is  ascended  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham, 
near  the  spot  where  Wolfe  died.  The  large  house 
at  a  distance  in  the  front,  is  erected  on  the  site  of  a 
French  redoubt,  which  defended  the  aseent  from 
Wolfe's  Cove,  and  was  the  primary  object  of  as- 
sault and  capture,  after  the  top  of  the  hill  had  been 
gained  by  the  British  troops. 

A  pleasant  ride  may  be  enjoyed  by  proceeding 
from  Louis  Gate,  aud  pursuing  the  road  on  the  right 
side  of  the  wood.  Emerging  from  the  woods,  the 
magnificent  landscape  to  the  southern  mountains 


.    C  ill 


■;u\i, 


•  Hi:  13 


" .  <»•  ■ 
1 II 


^  !l 


>.   »'-'fl 


l' 


suddenly  presents  itself  to  the  equc>5trian  with  much 
of  it8  amplitude  and  variety.  Arriving  at  a  cross,  a 
turn  is  made  to  the  left,  and  by  another  route  the 
return  is  made  to  Louis  Gate,  or  passing  down  the 
hill  to  the  Coves,  the  course  may  dc  taken  immedi- 
ately on  the  banks  of  the  Lawrence  to  the  city. 
This  ride  might  otherwise  be  extended  to  the  Cap 
Rouge,  the  scenery  upon  which  stream  presents^ 
very  attractive  features.  There  the  right  hand 
road  should  be  pursued,  which  conducts  to  the  Foy 
Church,  and  thence  to  John's  Gate.  By  thus  chang- 
ing the  route,  the  whole  southern  landscape  is  viewed 
on  the  river  road,  and  the  northern  prospect  is  be- 
held on  the  return. 

'^'  From  the  shores  at  Point  Levi,  the  landscapes 
combing  both  novelty  of  outline  ana  perspective  im- 
pressively beautifbl.  The  visitor,  having  procured 
his  calash,  ascends  the  hifl,  and  from  its  summit  an 
almost  unequalled  prospect  is  beheld.  This  is  a 
ride  filled  with  picturesque  scenery  in  all  its  charms. 
It  is  on  this  hill  that  Quebec  in  all  its  castellated 
grandeur,  appears  in  its  grandest  and  most  imposing 
aspect,  and  ^peciafly  towards  evening,  when  the 
purple  shadows  diversify  all  the  landscape  ^vith 
their  delicious  coloring.  About  five  miles  from  the 
city,  the  fitchemin  is  crossed,  and  the  traveller  pur- 
sues his  course  to  the  Chaddi^re.  This  ride  and 
the  PaHs  afford  ample  materials  for  geological  ex- 
ploration. The  view  from  below  Point  Cevi  may 
be  enjoyed  as  a  distinct  e^cufrsionf;  this  includes  the 
Falls  of  Montmorenci  across  the  Bay. 

Anodler  excursion  is  toiM  Indian  Lorette,  whdneie 
the  views  of  Quebec  and  the  distant  country  are 
very  enchanting.    The  immediate  encircling  scene  • 


/S9 

ry  is  clieerl'ul  and  attractive ;  thfiiice  Uie  cotaric  i« 
pursued  to  Lake  Clidrlee,  rotumitij*  i'voitx  which, 
and  abproaching  the  habitations  heiire&t  the  ^xtfe- 
rior  huls,  the  vie^V  bursts  upon  the  sight,  Virhich'will 
never  be  forgotten. 

A  mortUng  niAy  ix}^  be  deivoted  to  a  ride  to  Lake 
Beauport. 

There  is  an  easterly  cxciir^idn  by  land  which 
combines  superior  attraction^,  but  It  cahnoi  fee  com  • 
pleted  iti  less  than  three  tlays,  and  the  tdurisls  liiust 
previously  supply  thehiselves  with  their  6\vn  neces- 
sary comforts.  It  is  on  the  nothem  fehor^  ofthe  taw- 
rence.  The  first  halting  place  would  be  the  Fajls 
of  Montmorcnci — the  best  vievV  of  which  i%  trom  (he 
cast  bank.  ttaV-in^  surveyed  thcitt  ttotti  (he  (op  of 
th^  aqueduct,  the  natural  step^  shonld  be  visited  ;  in 
minature  these  Resemble  the  Ti^eriton  FaHs  in  the 
State  of  New  Yotk.  From  Mpntrtiorehci,  the  riae 
proceeds  to  the  Chateau  Richer,  which  are  the  ruins 
of*  a  Franciscan  Monastery  (h^t  was  built  abbiii  one 
hundred  and  thirty  years  slrice  ;  it  sjtands  lipon  a 
rocky  promontory  on  (he  bank  of  the  L^Wrehce. ,  It 
was  destroyed  by  the  orders  df  General  Wdlftf,  when 
hisi  army  was  encampt^d  on  th(^  eastcirn  bank  of  tte 
Mohtmorenci.  Through  the  ifiterVenfidn  of  ttie 
Priests  who  resided  (here,  the  Hdbiiarits  refused  to 
supply  the  .British  troops  with  tnei  necessary  pro- 
visions, and  so  strongly  was  (he  edifice  dfefended. 
that  artillery  alone  reaiiced  the  fraternity  to  si^'ec- 
lion.  Part  of  a  tower  and  some  of  (he  exterior  walla 
only  noiv  retiiain.     r  >j. 

About  two  miles  from  tlie  Cliateau  fticlier,  tlie 
visitor  wilihalt,  and  wi^lk  a  short  distance  to  the 
Sauk  a  la  Puce,  a  small  stream  decending  from  tlie 


■V*.  ft| 


'If 'ii 


t-L 

'-A 


, .  ■■■■  «■< 


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f 
M 


iii^h  landg^  which,  oftcfn  winding  through  a  nioun- 
taiDous  and  Woody  country,  compriseB  some  very  ro> 
mantic  falls,  where  the  stream  is  precipitated  in  three 
deelivities  in  succession,  and  the  banks  are  rich  in  a 
profusion  of  sylvan  ornaments,  and  e8|)eciaily  when 
the  autumnal  foliage  displays  its  multiplied  variety 
of  beauteous  tints.  There  is  somes  imilitude  between 
this  scene  and  the  Falls  of  the  Catskill  mountain. 

Thence  the  route  leads  to  St.  Anne ;  and  two 
miles  beyond  the  village,  at  tweny-eight  miles  dis- 
tance from  Quebec,  the  traveller  proceeds  to  visit 
those  interesting  Falls.  The  road  ascends  a  part 
of  the  way  up  me  mountain — ^there  are  seen  splen- 
did prospects  of  Quebec  and  the  adjacent  country 
— but  without  a  glass,  from  the  distance,  the  scen- 
ery in  the  back  m)und  is  rather  indistinct.  Hav- 
ing attained  the  level,  a  rough  path  for  nearly  a 
nHe  and  a  half  conducts  the  visitor,  after  a  sudden 
descent  into  a  most  solitary  vale  of  rocks  and  trees, 
almost  a  natural  grottO|  through  the  centre  of  which 
the  stream  rushes,  untUl,  it  escapes  by  a  narrow 
channel  between  the  rocks,  and  continues  roaring 
and  tumbling  with  au^entuig  velocity.  From 
bek>w,  there  is  a  striking  view  of  the  Cataract,  which 
combined  with  the  natural  wUdness  and  extraordin- 
ary features  of  the  scenery  baffle  description  ;  the 
pamter  alone  could  convey  to  the  mind  the  repre- 
sentation with  effect.  Some  amateure  prefer  this 
scene  to  the  admired  Trenton  Falls. 

The  scenery  around  the  Priests'  Farm,  near  Cape 
Tourment,  is  very  attractive^  and  the  site  of  the  val- 
ley and  Falls  ef  Fercole  will  compensate  for  the 
fatigue  experienced  in  decending  to  them.  To  com- 
plete the  excursion,  the  visitor  should  arrange^  IV 


jK)asible,  to  staild  on  Cape  Tourment  in  the  tftor- 
nin^,  there  to  behold  the  sun  emerging  i'rom  the 
honzon.  From  this  bold  biufT,  nearly  six  hundred 
yards  above  the  river  Lawrence,  to  the  east,  south 
and  west  is  presented  a  diversified  landscape,  which 
includes  every  variety  that  the  painter  can  embody. 
Mountain  and  valley,  wilderness  and  cultivation^ 
land  and  water,  with  their  appurtenances  and  orna- 
ments, here  shewing  a  modern's  operations, .  and 
there  bearing  the  marks  of  antiquity. 

To  the  connoisseur,  the  artist,  axid  the  scientific 
explorer,  this  excursion  will  afford  a  vast  accession 
to  their  stores  of  knowledge,  and  it  will  not  less 
gratify  even  die  traveller  \mo  only  roams  for  health, 
the  sight  of  novelty,  and  the  acquisition  of  unsul* 
lied  eniovment. 


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i 


I.  IpJpisqopAju  CwucH.— The  rjepreswt^tjion  was 
di35Lji(ii  fronpi  l,ne  oor^H  W*  ^pf  tbe  CfeapnJ  jottached 
to  t&e  ppiJwe  <3otttM?j^y  l^icludiug  p^  ^.91  Anne 
street.  With  the  ^;Kqc5pt^qn  of  tbe  Jlom^  dhjarph 
in  jUq^tresJ)  thjis  edificp  is  Qne  df  the  tpost  peifect 
aii|i  j^le^iqg  speciiQei[is  of  Canadian  ^x^hitocliicc. 
^t^q^h  1^0^  much  ornamented,  the  keeping  is  cor- 
rect, pmit  upon  ^  ^^levated  spot,  the  steeple  which 
is  Qf  C(»3si4emhle  height,  being  covered  with  tin, 
is  a  very  perspicuous  mark,  and  one  of  the  objects 
most  prominent  in  every  discernible  view  of  the 
city.  The  grand  entrance  is  on  the  west ;  and  the 
interior  is  neat  and  commodious,  having  extensive 
galleries  on  the  front  and  sides.  It  is  furnished 
with  a  powerful  organ  of  sweet  and  melodious  tone. 

To  an  observer  me  whole  situation  appears  light 
and  graceful,  which  is  increased  by  the  effect  of 
the  glittering  roof  and  spire.  The  walls  arc  of  grey 
sandstone.  In  length,  it  extends  forty-five  yardas, 
by  twenty-five  yards  in  breadth ;  including  a  con- 
siderable interstice  for  the  altar,  and  a  capacious 
vestibule.  It  is  erected  on  the  west  corner  of  Castle 
Square ;  the  chief  front,  with  a  spacious  area,  being 
on  Garden  street. 


2.  Roman  Church. — Fronting  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Market-place,  stands  the  principal  Roman 
Church.    It  m  a  massive,  tinornamented  and  spn- 


m'' 


w»            ■ 

A . .  *  - 

'^■" 

rwas    1 

iched     1  ^ 

Anne    1 

il^rch    I 

^ifect    1 

ctiice.    1 

bCQT-      1 

wrhich    1 

h  tin,    1 

objects    I 
of  the    1 

id  the     ■ 

Bneive    I 

lished     1 

}  tone.     1 

flight     1 

ect  of 

fgrey 

yard^, 

I  con- 

acions 

Uastle 

being 

it  side 

[oman     1 

1  ppn-     1 

-..,-s»'*v^;"--  -dSCs:-,. 


5* 


^..^ 


■K;:--:ap»' 


A'Ki:..  mm 


isi?i3ss2^uL  as:^m'jis. 


Fmis^'jj^yE-i^KE^u^r  cGaniri?i(c;si : 


i  -n-wii    A;     >'iiJrM-*iJ    i.»     .'  wmm  .    bt«illi<!    ^'uu* 


■iiJI 


■f  '•    jM' 


.  -f;i 


^^■^ 


■^^ 


■^ 


*         h 

"   4 


0^ 


■%»■■ 


clous  StG 

yards,  ai 
it  is  mih 
defective 
frdift  hai 

peamticc 
leiiof  id 
thenorfl 
tenriinat 
middle  o 
Tt^lls  of 
andf?gti 
cal  ettibl 

Durinj 
was  set 
from  the 
and  oth( 
first  lAer 
fbui(^at 
that  tb^ 
the  part 

In  the 
1.  The 
On  the 
in  his 
Maratt 
Restout 
4.  The 
is  a  recc 
tar  in  ti 
lar  abo\ 
on  the 
lar  is — 


e 


.     63 

cioua  stoiie  building-^iri  length;  itteastiring'sifeveiity!/ 
yards,'  and  is  atioirt.  thirty-six  jmrds  in  l^eadth,  but 
it  is  rather  disproiiicHliohately'hi^,  atid  is  othieHvise 
defective  in  geomestrjcal  di&linefttion:  Thie  s^re; 
froth  having"  feeii'eir66tcd  on  the^sbiith  side  bf  the 
edi&e,  ffyi^  to  the  front  vi^^aih  vmgirateffui  ap- 
pearance. Frbm  the  vestibulfe,  t^e  body  of  the  in- 
terior id  stihdivided  iiito  equal  proj)ortioife^  arid'  oh 
the  north  and  «diith  at«'  t^o  spafcibusiiisles.  At  the 
terminatien  of  thfe  nave  in  the  grMid  altar  in  the 
middle  of  th^  ellipsei  constitiiting  me  sstncttitn,  the 
Tfftlk  of  wMch  areornamehtled  with  representations 
and  fJgtiresj  commingled- with  varibiis  other  graplii- 
cal  ethMeins. 

During  tbesieffC  of  Quebec,  m  1799^  this  Oiurch 
was  set  on  fire  by  shells,  which  were  dischatrged 
from  the  battery  on  Point  Levi,  and  all  its  paintings 
and  other  ornaments  vmrfe  consnihed,  etcerit  tiie 
first  nlehtibned  in  the  ensuing  catald^de,  which  was 
fbutfdariiong  the  ruin^,  btit  so  essentially  injured, 
thatth^  lalSrof  the  artist  was  te^uited^  to  restore; 
the  partfe  which  had  been  mutilated. 

In  the  Church  are  found  the  following  pictttres.-^ 
1.  The  Altar  piece  pourtrays  the  Conception^  2. 
On  the  north  is  a  representation  bl*the  Apostle  ]Paul 
in  his  extatic  vision.  2  Corinthidns  I2-^by  CtorZa 
Maratti/  3;  On  the  opposite  wall  i^  a  design  by 
Restout — the  Savionr  mihistered  unto  by  AngMs. 
4.  The  painting  above  the  altar  in  the  south  nave 
is  a  recent  cbpy  of  the  middle  painting  ovei*  the  al- 
tar in  the  Chapel  of  the  Seminary,  o.  Oh  the  pil- 
lar above  the  pulpit  is  a  delineation  of  the  Redeemer 
on  the  cross — by  Vandyke,  6.  On  the  opposite  pil- 
lar is — the  nativity  of  Christ.    7.  The  Saviour  uri- 


.(     ,1'i 


."C 


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^i^ 


••a 


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4' 
1 


i 


.  r- 


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tnMA'»ma>'»'  '* 


i 


M 


der  the  contumeliotui  outrages  of  the  soldiers.  Mat. 
V:  27— 31— by  Fleuret.  8.  The  day  of  Pentecost. 
Acts  of  the  Apostles  2— by  Vigmm.  9.  The  lloly 
Family— by  Blanchard, 

The  perspective  view  of  the  Roman  Church  was 
taken  from  the  upper  .entrance  of  the  Barracks, 
fronting  Buade  street  '  On  the  lefl  is  a  part  of  the 
south  wing  of  the  Seminary,  near  the  principal 
avenue,  surmounting  the  comer  of  the  Market-house. 
In  the  ibreeround  is  the  appearance  of  the  Market- 
place in  the  momiiig^  with  a  cow  drawing  a  sled, 
laden  with  wood,  by  the  horns,  and  a  dojg  harnessed 
to  its  diminutive  cariole.  On  the  risht  is  the  whole 
length  of  Buade  street,  terminated  by  the  top  of  the 
distant  hill,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  skirting  the 
horizon. 


3.  Presbyterian  Church. — This  is  an  unadorned 
edifice,  fronting  on  Anne  street,  with  a  low  steeple^ 
The  view  was  taken  to  the  westward.  On  the  right 
are  the  houses  near  the  €raol,  and  on  the  lefl  are 
part  of  the  street,  the  spire  of  the  Episcopal  Church, 
and  the  trees  within  the  inclosure,       . 


4.  Trinity  Crapsl. — Ths  front  of  this  building 
on  Stanislaus  street  is  delineated.  Its  interior  is 
neat  and  convenient,  with  an  organ  of  superior 
quality. 

6.  John's  Chapel. — This  place  of  worship  stands 
in  Francis-street.  It  is  without  ornament,  and  oc- 
copied  by  Predbyt^rians. 


.^ 


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t 


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.  Mat. 
nteeoet. 
le  floly 

•ch  was 
irracke, 
t  of  the 
rincipal 
t-houKe. 
Vlarket- 
a  sled, 
irneesed 
e  whole 
ipofthe 
ting  the 


adorned 
[steeple* 
be  right 
lefl  are 
IJhurch, 


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terior  is 
superior 


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and  oc- 


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QS 


6.  Methodist  Chapel. — This  house  is  opposite 
to  the  east  end  of  Angel  street,  and  is  perfectly 
plain.  The  society  are  united  with  the  English 
Conference. 


7.  Roman  Congregation. — This  is  a  modem 
edifice,  erected  on  the  west  end  of  the  Esplanade. 
It  comprises  no  object  inviting  peculiar  attention. 

8.  Roman  Church  in  the  Lower  Town. — This 
building  fronts  on  the  Market-place,  and  was  erected 
in  consequence  of  a  vow  made  during  the  siege  of 
duebec,  in  1690,  undertaken  by  an  English  ibrce 
under  the  command  of  General  Phipps. 

The  following  tale  is  part  of  its  traditional  history. 
This  Church  was  nearly  desolated  by  fire  during 
the  cam[)ai^  of  1759.  At  that  period,  it  contained 
a  fine  paintmg  which  represented  a  town  in  flames, 
with  an  inscnption  which  announced,  "that  in  the 
year  1711,  when  Quebec  was  menacea  with  a  siege 
bv  Admiral  Walker  and  General  Hill,  one  of  the 
Keligieuses  prognosticated  that  the  Church  and  the 
Lower  Town  would  be  destroyed  by  the  British,  in 
a  conflagration,  before  the  year  1760."  It  is  stated, 
that  this  circumstance  made  a  powerful  impresison 
upon  all  orders  of  the  people.  This  fact  constitutes 
one  of  those  historical  anomalies,  which  preclude 
satisfactory  explanation. 

9.  Roman  Church  in  Roch's  Suburbs. — This 
is  a  spacious  and  handsome  edifice,  of  recent  con- 
struction, pleasantly  situated,  and  contains  a  consi* 
derable  variety  of  decoration.  In  the  Sacristy  are 
portraits  of  Pope  Pius  VII.  and  of  the  late  Roman 


'I 

•  ;*  1'*  a 


1»H 


■•;  ':Xl 


1/ 


Bmhop  ol*  Qoebec.    The  Church  is  adorned  with 
fiievera]  oriffinal  pictures. 

1.  The  Annunciation  of  the  Angel  Gabriel  to  the* 
Virgin  Mary.  Luke  1 ;  26— 38— by  RestmL  2. 
The  Holy  Family — by  Colin  de  Vermond,  3.  The 
Baaurrection  of  the  Lord  Jcbus  Christ — by  Chatis, 
4.  Nicolas — by  Vigmn, — 6.  Roch  and  a  Virgin — 
by  BUmchard,  This  view  was  taken  from  the 
eastward. 

10.  The  Protestant  Burying  Ground. — This 
<Wmitonr  of  the  dead  is  situated  in  John's  Suburbs, 
on  the  Misun  street,  about  one  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  gate.  Attached  to  it  is  a  small  buildings  ap« 
proprialed  for  the  obsequies  prior  to  the  interment 
of  the^  corpse^  and  for  public  worship  according- to 
the  rites  of  the>  Epiecofal  Churchv 

IL  CHURCBsa'  AT  Point  Levi.— 'The  Roman 
Church  contains  nothing,  either  externally  or  in  the' 
interior,  which  attracts  regard. 

The  Rpiseopal  Church  is  a  neat  modem  struc- 
ture. Its  impo^ng  site  renders  it  a  beautiful  oma^ 
ment  of  the  landscape.  In  the  perspective,  its  side 
aspect  is  delineated. 

»  III  ■  w  . 

\%  The  Seminaay. — ^Adjoining  the  rear  of  the 
Church  in  the  Upper  Town  stands  the  Seminary, 
a  capacious  superstructure  of  stone,  in  the  form  of  a 
parallelogram,  having  three  sides  of  more  than 
seventy  yards  in  lengm,  forty  feet  broad,  and  three 
stories  high ;  to  which  is  added  a  ^ving  of  fbur  sto^ 
ries  on  the  north-east,  oi*  about  fifty  yards  long,  and 
nearly  as  many  feet  deep.    It  is  encircled  by  a 


a 


large  garden,  walled  in,  measuring  in  the  whole 
about  seven  acres,  and  which  extends  to  the  Ram- 
parts. All  the  necessary <)anvenient  apartnients  are 
oompriaed  in  the  buHding,  adapted  both  fbr  the  reci- 
tations of  the  Pupils,  and  the  residence  of  the  Pro- 
fessors. The  course  of  instruction  is  subdivided  into 
the  Grand  and  the  Petit  Seminarie,  and  the  institu- 
tion was  established  in  the  vear  1668.  It  was  ori- 
ginally designed  solely  ibr  the  education  of  Eoclesi- 
astics,  but  this  exclusive  'synteln  was  long  since 
abandoned,  and  it  is  now  open  for  the  reception  6i' 
all  those  who  comply  with  its  terms  and  regulations. 

Attached  to  the  Serafnafy  is  a  Museum,  contain- 
ing a  variety  of  natural  curiosities,  which  may  be 
viewed  upon  application  to  the  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Philosophy. 

On  the  left  of  the  grand  entrance  from  tfie  Mai^ 
ket  Place  is  the  vestiSule  of  the  €hapel,  a  plam  but 
neat  edifice,  in  which  the  visitor  beholds  the  follow* 
ing  pictures,  enumerated  in  order  irom  the  entrance, 
pursuing  the  survey  on  his  right  hand  round  the 
intedor.  They  are  all  specimens  of  the  French 
School. 

I.  The  Saviour  and  the  Woman  of  Samaria  at 
Jacob's  Well,  near  Sychar.  John  iv.— by  Lagre- 
nee.  2.  The  Virgin  ministered  unto  by  the  Angels, 
who  are  represented  as  preparing  the  linen  clothes 
for  the  ehild  Jesas-— by  Be  Oieu,  3.  In  the  wing, 
a  large  figure  of*  the  Saviour  on  the  cross,  at  the 
precise  moment  described  by  the  Evangelist,  John 
xix.  30. — by  Mcmet,  4.  At  the  entrance — The 
Egyptian  Hermits  in  the  solitude  of  Thebais— by 
i^iM,  5.  Next  the  win^,  the  terror  of  Jerome, 
at  the  recoHection  cf  a  vision  of  the  day  of  judg- 


vV 


M 


01 


•'iff 


■"■'M 


r  •  - 
*1     . 


OH 


t 


} 


luent— by  D^Hullin,  6.  The  ascension  of  the  Lord 
Jesua— by  the  Champagnes.  7.  The  Saviour's 
sepulchre  and  interment-^by/fii^tn.  8.  Above  the 
altar,  the  flight  of  Joseph  to  Egypt,  Matthew  ii.— by 
Vanwo.  9.  The  trance  of*  Anthony,  beholding  the 
child  Jesus— by  Panocd  cPAvignea.  10.  The  day 
of  Pentecost,  Acts  xii. — ^by  the  Champagnes,  1 1 . 
Peter's  deliverance  from  prison,  Acts  xn. — by  De 
La  Fosse,  12.  At  the  entrance  of  the  wins,  ano- 
ther view  of  the  Hermits  of  Thebais — by  GuilloL 
13.  In  front,  the  Baptism  of  Christ,  Matthew  iii. — 
by  Claude  Guy  HaUe,  14.  Jerome  writing — by 
the  Champojg'nes,  15.  The  wise  men  of  the  east 
adoring  the  Saviour,  Matthew  ii. — by  Bourieu, 

To  an  observer  the  Chapel  appears  light,  and  the 
whole  interior  as  acotfp  troiil  mm  the  entrance,  is 
interesting  and  attractive.  i 

13.  The  Ursuline  Convent. — This  Nunnery  ana 
the  inclosed  land  adjoining  it,  belonging  to  the  Reli- 
gieuses,  its  inhabitants,  occupy  a  Targe  space, 
which  is  surrounded  by  a  high  barrier  of  stone,  and 
comprises  an  excelent  and  fertile  garden — ^the  whole 
area  includes^  about  seven  acres.  The  institution 
was  founded  in  1639,  a  very  early  period  afler  the 
primary  settlement  of  the  city,  expressly  to  pro- 
mote female  education  among  the  colonists,  and  the 
edifice  which  is  built  of  stone  is  two  stories  high,  for- 
ming a  square  of  nearly  thirty-eight  yards  in  length, 
with  a  depth  of  about  as  many  feet,  being  of  ample 
capacity  and  convenience  to  accommodate  the  resi- 
dents— but  the  outside  combines  no  attraction.  At 
the  east  projection,  immediately  upon  Parloir  street, 
is  the  Chapel,  nearly  one  bunded  feet  in  length,  but 
not  quite  one-half  that  measure  broad— the  interior 


h< 
rii 


ti9 

of  which  is  highly  decorated.  The  Convent  itseh' 
id  internally  neat,  and  interspersed  with  ornate  spe- 
cimens of  a  refined  taste.  Persons  of  distinction 
onlv  are  now  admitted  to  inspect  the  domestic  apart- 
ments. The  institution  includes  the  Superieure, 
forty-two  Religieuses  Professes,  and  seven  Novices ; 
the  chief  emp&yment  of  whom  is  the  tuition  of  a 
large  number  of  girls  in  common  knowledge,  and 
other  qualifications.  They  are  more  riffid  and  re- 
tired than  the  inmates  of  any  conventual  institution 
in  Canada. 

Different  ingenious  specimens  of  needle-work  are 
always  for  sale  in  the  office  on  the  lefl  above  the 
door ;  and  the  Chaplain  will  grant  strangers  per- 
mission to  view  the  Chapel  upon  application  to  him. 
In  that  edifice  are  the  following  paintings. 

The  altars  axe  highly  ornamented,  and  the  em- 
blematic figure  on  the  roof  gives  a  light  and  airy  ap- 
pearance to  the  whole. 

1.  Over  the  Grand  Ahar  is— The  birth  of  Imma- 
nuel.  Luke,  chapter  ii. — by  Vig'Tteau,  2.  Above 
the  Eastern  Altar  is — The  Saviour  exhibiting  his 
heart  to  the  Religieuses — by  Le  Sueur,  3.  On  the 
riffht — The  Saviour  taken  down  from  the  cross.  A 
Amter  dolorosa — by  Vandyke.  4.  Opposite— The 
Virgin  Mary,  and  the  young  child.  Pursuing  his 
right  hand  From  the  pulpit,  the  visitor  beholds  in 
succession — 5.  A  cargo  of  Christians  captured  by 
the  Algerines — some  experiencing  different  tortures, 
with  their  ransomers  from  bondage,  paying  for 
their  release — by  RestauU  6.  £)ui3  XIII.  of 
France,  and  the  first  royal  Governer  of  New  France, 
with  a  tablet  of  the  then  existing  Bourbon  family. 
An  allegorical  representation  of  Canada.    7.  Ma- 


m 


■:v» 


'A 

'-4 

.  I 

uM 
'1  •'■'i 


:l 


••  'hi 


ry's  visit  to  Elizabeth.  Luke  i.— by  Collins.  8.  At 
the  end,  is  the  representation  of  Jesus  Christ,  sitting 
down  at  meat  in  Simon's  house,  Luke  vii. — ^by 
Champagne.  This  painting  is  of  high  merit  and 
great  value.  9.  Salome  presenting  the  head  of 
John  the  Baptist  to  Herod  and  Herodias.    Mark  vL 

10.  The  first  picture  on  the  western  wall  is — The 
miraculous  draught  of  fishes.  Luke  v. — by  De  Dim. 

11.  The  parable  of  the  wise  and  the  foolish  virgins. 
Matthew  xxv. — Italian.  12.  A  full  length  por- 
trait of  the  Saviour,  delineated  in  the  attitude  of 
preaching — ^by  ChampagJie. 

14.  The  Hotel  Diio, — These  premises  include  a 
lairge  proportion  of  the  northern  part  of  the  interior 
of  the  city — commencing  from  the  gate  of  the  bu- 
rial ground  on  Couillard  street,  ami  extending  to 
Palace  street,  with  a  wall  on  the  north,  parallel  to 
the  fortifications ;  the  whole  space  occupying  about 
twelve  acres.  This  Institution  was  commenced  in 
1637,  and  was  consecrated  to  the  reception  and 
eare  of  the  sick,  who  are  indigent  and  distressed.  J* 
is  a  capacious  edifice,  the  longest  portion  of  which 
extends  nearly  one  hundred  and  thirty  yards  by 
seventeen  in  aepth,  and  three  stories  high.  Or)  the 
north-west  side  from  the  centre,  a  range  is  erected 
two  stories  high,  fifty  yards  in  l«igth,  and  nearly  as 
many  feet  broad,  plain  and  unadorned.  Thi»  wing 
is  appropriated  for  the  patients ;  the  upper  story  of 
which  is  occupied  by  the  lemales.  All  proper  at- 
tendance both  from  the  nuns  and  phymcians,  with 
every  necessary  comfort,  is  gratuitou^y  adminis- 
tered. The  annual  expenditures  are  considerable ; 
iiud  although  the  revenues  are  ample,  yet  from  the 


Lt 


11 

inunificence  ot'  the  relief  which  is  afibrded  to  the 
numerous  Btrangere  in  penury  and  affliction  who 
arrive  in  Quebec,  the  Provincial  Parliament  occa- 
sionally aid  the  liberality  of  the  institution,  by  do- 
nations from  the  public  treasury. 

In  the  convent  the  Sisterhood  reside,  who  now 
include  the  Superieure,  thirty-three  Religeuses  Pro- 
fesses, two  Novices,  and  one  Postulante.  The  reg- 
ularity and  neatness  with  which  the  establishment 
is  conducted,  and  the  solace  of  the  wretched  who 
find  refuge  in  this  hospitable  domain,  are  hi^ly 
exemplary. 

The  increa^ng  commerce  of  the  port,  and  the 
au^enting  number  of  emigrants  who  annually 
arrive  during  the  navigable  season,  have  rendered 
additional  accommodations  requisite;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  a  new  edifice  is  proposed  to  be 
erected,  under  the  sanction  of  the  constituted  author 
rities,  and  at  the  public  expense,  particularly  for 
the  benefit  of  Europeans  who  are  sick  when  they 
arrive,  and  mariners  with  diseases  and  fractures. 

The  Church  of  the  Hotel  Dieu,  externally,  is  per- 
fectly |4ain, '  .nd  the  interior  is  little  adorned.  The 
paintings  may  he  examintd  upon  applicatioii  to  the 
Chaplain. 

The  following  pieces  are  original :— 1.  The  Na- 
tivity of  Christ,  Luke  ii— by  SteUa.  2.  Th3  Vir- 
gin  and  child^— by  Coppeh  8.  The  Vision  o£  The- 
resse — by  Mena^eai,  4.  Bruneau  wrapt  in  medi- 
tation-r-by  ie  «?(iaMr. 

A  painting  in  the  Chaplain'^  sitting  room  merits 
notice,  not  foe  the  artist^  workmanship^  but  for  the 
subject^  as  illustrative  of  the  perils  and  suiferingsof 
the  original  European  settlers  of  Canada.    In  the 


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winter  of  the  year  1649,  the  Indians  assailed  the 
Chapel  oi'the  Jesuit  Missionaries  at  Three  Rivers. 
The  Society  at  that  period  numbered  seven  mem- 
bers. Two  made  their  escape,  one  of  whom  was 
subsequentl}r  found  in  the  woods,  congealed  in  a  de- 
votional attitude,  and  the  other  was  discovered 
prostrate,  frozen  on  the  ice  of  one  of  the  rivers. 

The  Priest  Danie)  and  his  brother  were  shot,  as 
they  fled  out  of  the  Chapel  then  in  flames.  Ano- 
ther of  the  fraternity,  named  Jog,  was  mutilated  by 
the  loss  of  his  fingers  in  succession ;  and  with  his 
wrists  fettered,  kneeling  down,  was  butchered  by 
two  of  the  Indians,  who  cleaved  his  head  with  their 
battle  axes. 

The  old  Priest  BreboBuf,  and  a  younger  Mission- 
ary, Lallemand,  were  reserved  for  still  more  excru- 
ciating and  protracted  tortures.  They  were  tied  to 
two  stakes,  separated  by  a  short  distance.  The  ju- 
nior was  literally  burnt  piecemeal,  by  the  applica- 
tion of  ignited  pme  sticks,  successively  brougnt  into 
immediate  contact  with  the  various  parts  of  the 
body,  the  most  distant  from  the  vitals.  In  the  in- 
tensity of  his  corporeal  agonies,  just  before  the  mor- 
tal frame  succombed  to  the  ingenious  and  infuria- 
ted malevolence  and  cruelty  o?  the  barbarians,  he 
addressed  Brebceuf— "  Ah !  I  have  scarcely  a  grain 
of  faith  lefl."  To  which  his  fellow  sufferer  magna- 
nimously replied — "One  grain  of  true  faith  in 
Christ  is  enough  to  remove  all  this  mountain  ol* 
anguish  and  misery."  The  senior  Priest  had  long 
endeavored  to  tame  these  savages,  but  in  vain.  They 
astonished  him  by  saying,  "  You  have  come  a  long 
distance,  you  tell  us,  to  baptize  us  in  cold  water — 
we  will  baptize  you  with  hot  water." 


the 


To  execute  their  marvellously  inhuman  scheme, 
they  fastened  a  cross  pole  between  the  stakes  to 
which  the  two  priests  were  bound,  and  hung  on 
their  large  pots  to  boil  the  water.  A  refinement  oi' 
almost  unparalleled  merciless  infliction  was  super- 
added. They  strung  on  an  iron  hoop  or  ring  seve- 
ral axe  heads,  and  placed  them  in  the  fire ;  when 
the  axes  were  red-hot,  they  cast  the  ring  over  Bre- 
boeurs  head,  so  that  thus  suspended,  his  breast  and 
shoulders  were  corroded  by  the  igneous  axes,  to  his 
unutterable  torment.  When  the  water  was  ready, 
two  of  the  Indians  with  large  shears  cut  off  large 
pieces  of  flesh,  and  made  other  deep  incisions  in  the 
arms,  legs,  &c.  to  the  bones — as  soon  as  a  number 
of  these  gashes  were  made  in  various  parts  of  the 
frame,  one  of  the  savages  effused  a  kettle  of  boiling 
water  over  the  agonized  Brebceuf ;  and  thus  in  a 
continual  alternation  of  relentless  butchery  and 
ecalding,  combined  with  triumphant  yellings  at  their 
novel  mode  of  Algonquin  baptism,  the^  ceased  not 
their  successive  tortures,  until,  life  being  extinct, 
the  remains  a^  their  victims  were  transferred  to  be 
consumed  in  the  same  fire. 


15.  General  Hospital. — The  establishment  thus 
denominated  is  situated  nearly  a  mile  west  of  the 
fortifications,  on  the  banks  of  the  River  Charles, 
and  was  commenced  in  the  year  1693,  by  the  then 
Roman  Bishop  of  Quebec.  Its  principal  front  is  de- 
lineated in  the  perspective  view,  with  the  circumja- 
cent scene.  Mr.  Valliere  instituted  this  Convent  ex- 
pressly to  relieve  invalids  and  persons  afflicted  by 
disease.  It  is  a  capacious  structure — a  parallello- 
gram,  of  nearly  equal  sides,  seventy-six  yards  in 


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length,  ahd  elei^n  yards  deep-^and  on  the  south- 
west, a  wing  pNjecte  itiofe  ^eiti  feity  feitSBj  by 
fifly  feet  broad.  l%e  titicntininiaci^fb^d  principle 
upon  which  th^  Institution  wai9  'fouhded,  nec^dsarily 
imreduces  a  gi^  ninnber  of  patienis,  so  •that  it  is 
ordinarily  i^cupied  by  the  ehMren  of  S(^K>w,  in  alH 
its  diveiwified  exhibitions.  To  supidl*itft«!ndithe  tibs- 
pitttlthere*re  i^e  Superieured'thfe  GonS^eiit,  IbAy- 
five  ^Religieuses  iWeei^  two  Tfovites  end  two 
Postulantes,  «Il  i^f  whom  a:rea4n{>ly  ecccottiihod^t^ ; 
and  bemdes,  m^cietit  and  conVidyvtettt  iat>aHfl(i€lhts 
for  their  vaided  «ivoc8£tions.  The  eowifbrtable  teeon* 
omy  of  this  Hospdtal  is  very  ve^lar,  ^nd  all  posbi^ 
}sAe  alleviation  is  tendered  to  the  discotisdlate,  paitied 
and  enfeebled  inmaies. 

Near  ite  principal  building  is  a  isepamte  hM^e, 
appropriated  expressly  for  penrsons  insane.  Attadi^ 
ed  to  the  Convent  is  a  neat  and  conveiftterft  chtiWjh 
— but  it  contains  nothing  peculiarly  distiiictive  in 
character,  except  its  ornamenits.  The  paintings  are 
copies  only  of  the  originais  in  the  otfier  churches 
and  chapels. 

As  this  edifice  is  in  strict  paifenoe  dedicated  to 
the  ordinary  purpose  of  Hn  Hospital,  and  as  its  oc- 
cupants aire  genen^Hy  numerous,  the  annual  expen- 
ditures  amount  to  a  lar^  sum.  wivich  are  ddlrayed 
by  Parliamerilary  donations — ^by  the  tent  ef  landed 

Epoperty  appropriated  expres^y  for  its  support— and 
y  ttie  TwroctJedfl  of  the  labour  Which  the  mans  devote 
particularly  to  ornamental  trinket,  and  ecclesiastical 
embellishments. 

Persons  of  Haste  wfil  be  pleased  With  a  view  of 
Rock's  Charch-*-«nd  f^itanthropic  visitoit^  of  Que- 
bec will  be  gratified  by  a  survey  of  the  Hotel  Dieu 


15: 


and  the  General  Hospital.  In  beholding  the  wards 
allotted  to  the  sick  and  the  impoverished,  they  will 
witness  the  e^pt  order  and.  ecojaonay.  with  which 
the  advantages  of  those  chenritable  institutions  are 
regularly  and  faithfully  administered.    , 


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1.  Castle  op  Lewis. — The  Castle  of  Lewis  is  the 
residence  of  the  Governor;  and  from  its  peculiar 
situation,  it  constitutes  one  of  the  principal  objects  of 
notice,  in  all  views  of  the  city,  from  Beauport  east- 
erly to  the  Chaudiere.  At  its  base  the  rock  is  nearly 
two  hundred  feet  in  perpendicular  height,  and  the 
building  on  the  east  is  sustained  by  strong  stone 
buttresses,  on  which  is  laid  a  wide  balcony,  extend- 
ing along  the  whole  length,  and  whence  the  beau- 
ties of  the  northern  and  eastern  landscape  are  be- 
held. The  building  is  of  three  stories,  about  filly- 
Ibur  vards  in  length  and  fifleen  yards  deep,  witli 
small  wings.  Since  the  last  repairs  in  1809,  its  in- 
terior is  conveniently  arranged,  and  its  superior 
apartments  are  tastefully  decorated.  To  it  are  at- 
tached aU  the  buildings  suitable  and  convenient  to 
the  dignified  station  of  the  Provincial  Executive 
Chief.  The  Garden  is  on  the  south-west  of  the 
Castle — in  length  nearly  thirtypoles,  and  in  breadth 
from  the  wall  to  the  Rue  de  CarrieresI  about  sev- 
enty yards.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  in 
the  front  of  which  stands  the  Monument  to  Wolfe 
and  Montcalm,  is  a  lot,  one  hundred  yards  long  by 
eightv-fbur  broad,  which  having  been  designed  as 
a  public  walk,  was  formerly  planted  with  trees  to 
shade  the  peHestrians — at  present,  however,  it  is  ap- 
propriated as  dn  additional  garden  ibr  the  service 


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the  Governor.  TTie  Castle,  in  consequence  of  it3 
partial  exclusion  from  the  sight  by  the  gloomy 
walls  of  the  buildings  in  front,  loses  much  of  itj? 
impressiveness  and  attraction.  By  a  superficial  ob- 
server, who  merely  passes  along  the  Place  d'Armes, 
the  Governor'{3  residence  is  scarcely  noticed.  This 
part  of  the  city  would  be  much  more  beautiful  in 
aspect,  were  the  defacing  incumbrances,  which  give 
a  dreary  appearance  to  the  whole  eastern  side  of 
the  Place  d'Armes,  removed — then  the  Castle  would 
be  displayed  in  an  imposing  view  to  general  con- 
templation. 

2.  The  Parliament  House. — This  edifice  was 
formerly  erected  for  the  Catholic  Bishops  of  Que- 
bec ;  who  at  present  reside  in  the  east  end  of  the 
Seminary.  It  commences  at  the  Prescott  Gate  on 
Mountain  street  and  extends  north-east  forty  yards ; 
thence  it  is  prolonged,  almost  at  a  right  angle  to- 
wards the  battery,  nearly  fifty  yards — being  about 
35  feet  deep,  and  of  different  elevations.  The 
wing  now  occupied  by  the  House  of  Assembly  wdm 
formerly  a  Chapel,  sixty-five  feet  long,  and  thirty- 
five  in  breadth.  Adjoining  the  front  on  the  south  are 
the  lobby  and  wardrobe — the  library  and  the  Speak- 
er's chamber  succeed — below  is  the  bureau  of  the 
Provincial  Secretary — and  the  lower  part  of  the 
south  wing  is  occupied  by  the  various  officera  and 
committees  of  the  House. 

The  uppe?^story  is  appropriated  to  the  Legislative 
Councils,  whose  chamber  for  their  sessions  is  on  the 
north  end — the  whole  suite  of  apartments  round  to 
the  gate  is  used  by  the  committees  and  clerks  of  the 
Council. 

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3.  Thi:^  Court-House. — The  end  ol'  the  Court- 
House  stands  where  ^  Church  was  formerly  erected. 
It  bfdonged  to  the  order  of  the  RecoUets,  ol  whom 
iion^  now  remain  in  Canada*  Those  ancient  strnc- 
twre^  the  Monastery,  Chapel,  ^c.  conptituting  a 
laxffe  estatklishment,  were  consumed  by  £re  in  1795, 
ana  within  the  garden*  the  yard  of  the  Episcppal 
Chiireh  was  also  incluaed.  The  Court-House  is  to 
the  south  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  on  the  opposite 
«ide  of^  the  Place  d'Armes  from  the  Castle  of  Tuewis, 
with  a  plain  and  uniform,  but  pleasant  front  on 
Louis  street.  It  is  a  superstructure  of  stone,  in 
length  about  forty-five  yards,  and  in  breadth  nearly 
as  many  feet.  The  whole  middle  part  of  the 
Court-Hous^  0*1  the  lower  floor  is  occupied  by  the 
Ma^ptrates  for  their  Quarter  Sessions;  on  each 
side  of  which  is  a  wing  extending  to  a  considerable 
additional  depth.  An  ietrohed  vestibule  conducts  on 
either  side  to  a  passage,  from  which  there  are  avc 
nues  to  all  the  Court  rooms,  and  law  offices.  The 
building  exhibits  no  ornament ;  but  it  is  externally 
neat,  and  the  interior  conveniences  are  amply  sui- 
cient  for  all  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  erected. 

4.  Tub  Puauc  Offices. — The  various  offices  con- 
nected with  flie  Civil  Administration  of  the  Go- 
vernment, occupy  the  spacious  edifice  at  the  comer 
of  the  Place  a'Armes  and  Fort  street,  formerly 
Vnown  as  the  Union  Hotel,  and  from  its  vicinity 
to  the  Castle  and  the  Parliament  House,  combined 
with  its  great  conveniences,  it  is  excellently  adapted 
lor  the  objects  to  which  it  is  applied.  The  whole 
front  on  the  first  story  contains  the  Museum  of  tli*^ 
Literary  and  Historical  Society.  - 


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5.  The  Jail. — This  is  a  modem  building,  of  the 
same  materials,  a  beautiful  grey  stone,  and  of  simi- 
lar exterior  appearance  as  the  Court-House.  It  is 
located  in  ftfi  airy  citev^^  fiitiiatiot>j  knd  well 
adapted  for  its  design.  It  is  fift}r-six  yards  in 
length,  fronting  on  the  fiorth-east,  sixty-eight  feet 
in  breadth,  with  a  spacious  yard  for  the  use  of  the 
prisoners,  and  thttG  stoH^  high,  md  eicee^t  6ne 
excrescence,  is^  k  pie^tsitig;  atcratectttr^l  (Kubj^t  of 
exaiUmalioti.  Ui^lei^  it  i6  i^ppo^,  stnd  if  so,  ^^h- 
otrt  (kiabt,  the  impression  ii$  erroneotrij  thAt  the  i^ii- 
tinual  sight  of  the  imn  mAChinety,  whe^tene  ftdte- 
iactors  are  sus|)ended  at  their  ex^ctltidti,  prodticen 
an  intimidating  effect,  it  fAkiiild  he  tttd&ted,  td  ht 
temporarily  aflSced  when  the  law  r^mtetr  tfa^  paiit^ 
ful  infliction  of  its  highest  condemnatory  |mn&ih^ 
ment.  As  it  now  is  constantly  in  view,  it  pBifhctly 
deforms  the  ffortt  of  the  building,  which  iei  ndt 
otherwise  repulsive,  and  unti^6ssarily  excites  re- 
volting emcytions,  iricohgenial  with  the  grateful  (ieri- 
8ibilities,  which  ane  reafized  by  strangers.  Who  i^m 
through  the  city  to  scrutiniite  its  novel  objects. 

6.  Public  Warehouse. — This  spacious  building 
was  finished  in  the  year  1821,  and  is  erected  on  the 
King's  wharf,  being  appropriate  solely  i6r  the  re- 
ception of  the  stores  belonging  to  the  Uovemniient. 
It  measures  in  length  two  hundred  and  fifty  fed!, 
with  a  considei  able  depth.  It  is  constriited  of  the 
same  species  of  stone  as  the  Court-House  and  Jail, 
but  neither  the  front  towards  the  river,  nor  that  on 
ihe  Cul  de  Sac  exhibits  arrv  external  ornament. 


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ZHSILITARY  BDIFXOBS. 


1.  The  Citadel. — This  stupendous  fortress  cir- 
cumscribes the  whole  area  on  the  highest  part  of 
Cape  Diamond,  and  is  intended  not  only  to  accom- 
modate the  Grarrison  as  a  residence,  parade,  &c. 
but  also  to  include  all  the  materiel  of  war.  It  per- 
fectly commands  the  city  and  river  Lawrence; 
and  when  completed  will  be  not  only  the  most  pow- 
erful specimen  of  military  architecture  on  the  Wes- 
tern Continent,  but  also  a  rival  of  many  of  the  re- 
nowned works  in  the  Netherlands.  All  attempts 
to  describe  the  Citadel  in  its  present  unfinished 
state  would  be  nugatory.  An  inspection  of  the  Map 
vnll  illustrate  its  extent  and  course — it  will  circum- 
scribe about  forty  acres  of  land,  including  its  em- 
bankments. Visitors  cannot  be  admitted  without  a 
ticket. 


2.  The  Martello  Towers. — These  are  four  cir- 
cular forts,  which  are  situated  at  the  northern  ex- 
tremity of  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  about  half  a 
mile  in  advance  of  the  exterior  giand  wall  of  the 
fortifications.  They  are  numbered  from  the  river 
Lawrence  to  the  General  Hospital,  and  guard  the 
approaches  to  the  city  on  the  south  and  west.  They 
are  nearly  forty  feet  in  height,  with  a  base  diame- 
ter almost  equal ;  and  the  exterior  wall  is  of  ample 
strength  to  resist  a  cannonade.    The  platform  on 


\he  top  bein^  armed  with  the  largest  guns,  these 
Towers  eom^itute  a  powerful  additional  dc^nce  to 
the  fottified  barrier  of  the  city.  They  are  situated 
in  a  \me  nearly  direct,  each  about  ene^-iihird  of  a 
mile  distant  from  the  other — and  erven  if  captured 
by  an  invadii^  force,  would  prove  a  very  insecure 
and  probably  an  untenable  post  to  the  victors — as 
the  walls  on  the  side  next  to  the  city,  are  compara- 
tively so  weak,  that  the  Towers  could  easily  be 
demolished  by  chc  battery  from  the  Gatrison. 

3.  The  BAitRACire. — Of  these  military  readencee, 
there  are  three  grand  divisions  in  the  city ;  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Market 
place  in  the  Upper  Town,  formerly  the  Jesuit  Mo- 
nastery. It  is  a  capacious  quadrangular  edifice  of 
seventy -five  yards  by  sixty-seven,  encircled  by  a 
wall  which  measures  on  the  north  the  whole  length 
of  Fabrique  street,  and  more  than  two  hundred 
yards  on  Anne  street.  T  he  area  inclosed,  and  which 
is  now  appropriated  for  the  parades  aud  exercise  of 
the  troops,  was  formerly  a  garden  and  parterre,  much 
admired  for  their  horticulturt)!  beauty  and  elegance. 

In  Louis  street  is  also  an  extensive  range  oiDuild- 
ings,  appropriated  for  quarters,  the  army  offices,  and 
the  military  hospital. 

The  Artillery  Barracks  adjoin  Palace  street,  near 
the  gate.  The  superstructure  is  of  stone,  extending 
westerly,  two  stories  high,  and  measures  one  hun- 
dred and  nine-ty-two  yards  in  length,  by  forty  feet 
deep.  Besides  the  residences  of  the  officers  and 
men — this  building  combines  the  store-houses  and 
offices  connected  with  the  Ordnance  Deppartment; 
and  also  the  armoury,  which  contains  an  immens 

c^  3 


V 


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if  ^1 
•  ••. 


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H^    If 

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m 


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■-i  I 


number  of  muskets,  swords,  pistols,  cutlasses,  &«'. 
The  arms  are  kept  in  a  state  of  admirable  cleanli- 
ness and  polish,  in  constant  repair,  and  are  always 
ready  to  be  issued,  should  any  emergency  require 
the  equipment  of  the  militia.  Those  visitors  who 
are  anxious  to  inspect  this  ma^zine  of  warlike  im- 
plements, can  be  gratified,  if  they  are  accompanied 
by  a  resident  citizen. 

4.  The  Rail-way,  or  inclined  Plane. — This 
effort  of  Mechanism  of  about  five  hundred  feet  in 
length,  always  attracts  attention.  It  was  the  only 
efficient  mode  by  which  the  enormous  masses  of 
stone  requisite  to  complete  the  Citadel,  could  have 
been  conveyed  to  the  summit  of  the  Cape,  with  fa- 
cility and  expedition.  The  steps  amount  to  nearly 
six  hundred,  and  are  not  only  passed  up  and  down 
by  the  workmen — but  sometimes  are  ascended  and 
descended  to  determine  the  agiUty  and  stregnth  of 
the  contending  claimants  for  superior  speed.  Ama- 
teurs of  this  muscular  and  penlous  amusement  af- 
firm, however,  that  although  the  victory  may  be 
achieved  against  competition,  and  against  time,  the 
climber  is  not  compensated  by  his  vague  honor  for 
U  fatiffue  and  lassitude. 


ibseqi 


5.  The  Monument. — It  is  not  a  little  surprising 
that  nearly  seventy  years  should  have  elapsed  ancl 
no  energetic  attempt  have  been  made  to  preserve  in 
prominent  memorials,  the  recollection  of  the  two 
military  Chiefs  who  commanded  the  opposing  ar- 
mies in  that  battle  which  transferred  Canada  to  the 
British  Empire,  and  in  the  midst  of  which  contesJt, 
both  of  them  received  their  mortal  stroke. 


83  \    - 

At  the  corner  of  Palace  and  John  streets,  Btantla 
a  wooden  statue  of  Wolfe,  in  his  military  costume ; 
and  as  persons  testify  from  traditional  statements,  it 
retains  much  similitude  to  that  general's  counte- 
nance. 

Of  Montcalm,  the  chief  memorial  is  the  house  on 
the  battery,  the  last  building  towards  Palace  gate, 
which  was  his  residence,  and  still  bears  his  name. 

It  was  originally  desimed  to  have  inserted  a 
narrative  of  the  Siege  of  Quebec— but  the  subject 
is  so  fanailiar,  that  it  was  finally  resolved  to  substi- 
tute for  it  a  biographical  notice  of  the  two  Generals. 
An  interesting  fact  is  connected  with  the  capture  of 
the  city.  The  execution  of  very  importemt  duties  in 
the  Naval  department  was  committed  to  the  great 
circumnavigator  Captain  Cook,  who  was  in  the 
year  1759  on  the  service  in  the  River  Lawrence. 
He  piloted  the  boats  to  the  attack  of  Montmorenci — 
conducted  the  embarkation  dfthe  troops  to  the  heights 
of  Abraham — surveyed  the  channel,  and  fixed  the 
buoys  for  the  safety  of  the  large  ships  while  navi- 
gatmg  the  river. 

The  military  laurels,  which  the  victor  acquired 
by  the  termination  of  the  battle,  altogether  disap- 
pears in  the  deeper  dignity,  which  Wolfe  deveolped 
in  the  following  impressive  occurrence. 

On  the  night  before  the  decisive  battle,  the  Ge- 
neral visited  in  a  boat  some  of  the  posts  where  the 
troops  were  stationed  ;  during  their  progress,  he  re- 
peated with  great  sensibility,  Gray's  Ellegy  in  a 
Country  Church  Yard — and  at  the  conclusion,  re- 
marked— "  I  should  prefer  being  the  author  of  that 
poem,  to  the  glory  of  beating  the  French  to-mor- 
low."    A  more  powerful  tribute  to  the  superiority  of 

.  c  4  . 


a 


V 


,'    <! 

'  1' 

f,  ■■I 


HA' 


;i 


84 


rdiigion  and  literary  attammcnts  over  ail  terrestria 
l^lmry  was  nevier  onoonced.    It  is  a  moral  character' 
istie  of  tlieQeiieral  wludh  wiH  sanrive  the  anaals  oi 
warfare. 

The  ensuing  sketch  of  Montcalm  is  extracted  from 
Manoel'i  L'annee  Francoise. 

€e  sont  les  sacrifiees  faita  a  la  aociete  qot  donnent 
des  droits  aa  souvenir  de  la  posterite ;  eile  ne  peut 
point  oublier  ce  General.  II  est  ne,  il  a  vecu,  et  il, 
est  mort  dana  les  camps;  Son  education  n'en  fut 
pa&  raoins  soignee.  11  apprit  la  langue  d'Homerc 
avant  de  prendre  la  lance  d'Achille.  Son  esprit  se 
developpoit  oomme  son  courage ;  et  egalement  pro- 
pie  auz  bstailles  et  aux  academies,  son  desir  etoit 
d^unir  aux  lauriers  de  Mars  les  palmes  de  Minerve. 
Mais  la  guerre  occupa  presque  toute  sa  vie ;  avec 
dea  talens  et  de  factivite,  on  I'appelloit  par  tout  on 
il  fatloit  commander  et  se  battre.  Chaque  grade 
fut  marque  par  des  blessures ;  et  en  trcis  peu  de 
terns,  il  merita  d'etre  a  la  tete  des  troupes  dans 
PA  merique  septentrionale.  C'est  la  que  se  sont  mon^ 
trees  les  qualites  de  ce  Capitaine — c'est  la  qu'il  a 
fait  voir  a  quel  degre  il  rcnaiasoit  la  bravoure  du 
sddat  et  la  grandeur  d'ame  du  heros,  la  prudence 
do  conseil  et  lacelerite  de  I'execution ;  ce  sang  froid 
que  rien  n'altere,  cette  patience  que  rien  ne  rebute, 
et  cette  resolution  courageuse  q»i  oee  repondre  du 
suoces  dans  des  circonstances  on  la  timide  specula- 
tion auroit  a  peine  entrevu  des  ressources.  C'est  la 
qu'au  milieu  des  sauvages  dont  il  etoit  devenu  le 


pere,  on  I'a  vu  se  piier  a  leur  caractere  feroce 
s'endurcir  aux  memes  travaux,  et  se  restr^ndre  aus 
memes  besoins,  les  apprivoiser  par  la  douceur,  les 
attircr  par  la  confiance.  les   attendrir  par  tous  les 


8« 

t^oins  de  I'humanite,  et  faire  dominer  le  respect  et 
1 'amour  sur  des  ames  egalement  indociles  au  joug 
de  I'obeissance  et  au  frein  de  la  discipline.  C'est  la 
(|ue  des  fatigues  et  dee  dangers  sans  noinbre^  n'ont 
jamais  rallenti  son  zele  ;  tantot  present  a  des  spec- 
tacles dont  I'idee  seule  fait  fremir  la  nature ;  tantot 
expose  a  manquer  de  tout,  et  souvent  a  mourir  de 
faim.  Reduit  pendant  onze  mois  a  quatre  onces  de 
pain  par  jour,  mangeant  du  cheval  pour  donner  I'ex- 
emple,  il  f ut  le  meme  dans  tous  ies  terns,  satisfait  de 
tout  endurer. 

Un  ees  Chefs  Canadiens  etonne  que  celui  qui 
i'aisoit  des  prodiges  fut  d'une  petite  taile,  s'ecria  la 
premiere  fois  qu'il  le  vit — **Ah!  que  tu  es  petit! 
mais  je  vois  dans  tes  yeux  la  hauteur  du  chene,  et 
la  vivacite  de«  aigles." 

duoique  blessc  dans  le  combat,  il  ne  descendit 
pas  de  cheval,  qu'il  n'eut  fait  luinieme  la  retraite  de 
Parmee.  Sur  la  reponse  que  lui  fit  son  chirurgien 
que  ses  blessures  ettoient  mortelles — it  dit — "  pour 
moi  je  vais  passer  la  nuit  avec  Dieu,  et  me  prepa- 
rer a  la  niort."  II  mourut  a  cinq  heuree  du  matin ; 
et  un  trou  au'une  bombe  avoit  fait  lui  servit  de  tom- 
beau,  dans  Ies  jardins  des  Religieuses  Ursulines. 

There  was  a  remarkable  similarity  in  the  promi- 
nent characteristics  of  Wolfe  and  Montcalm,  exclu- 
sive of  the  seniority  of  age  to  which  the  latter  had  at- 
tained ;  for  he  was  fifteen  years  older  than  Wolle  at 
thejperiod  of  their  dissolution. 

Tiiey  both  entered  the  army  in  youth,  and  were 
both  early  distinguished  for  their  intrepidity  and 
aptitude  to  imbibe  knowledge.  At  twenty  years 
of  age,  Wolfe  received  the  highest  eulogy  for  his 


.*i„ 


hw   .M     ^  . 


*f 


\i 

1 

■    i 


■■)•• 


i    'IB 


1^0 


cuorage,  |nxyw63s  aud  hnmanity.  To  him,  the  cap- 
ture oT  Louifllmrg  was  principaDv  Attrilmted — and 
in  natural  genius,  acquired  knowiedg<^,  profMonal 
slrif),  selfHTOnying  magnanimity,  and  asc^endancy 
o^er  thdr  troops  by  a  personal  attachment,  not 
to  the  commander,  but  the  benevolent  Bton,  tlie^ 
were  nearly  equalized.  In  the  termination  of  their 
career  olily  did  they  essentially  difl^r  in  situation — 
the  repulse  of  the  British  troops  vweAd  have  added 
httle  hosier  or  flime  to  Montealm^but  it  was  WolAf^ 
all.  From  his  own  letters  to  the  elder  Pitt,  his  pa- 
tron, it  is  evident,  that  he  considered  himself  in  the 
state  of  a  desperate  ^mmester  upon  his  last  chance ; 
it  was  chsgraoe  or  death — he  chose  the  latt^  in 
connection  with  the  transfer  of  a  Province  to  ling- 
land,  the  effect  of  which  has  materially  influenced 
the  afrains  of  the  world — and  Wolfe  and  Montcalm 
continue  a  men^orable  example  of  the  perishable 
nature  of  all  earthly  applause  separate  from  the 
moral  and  inteilectucu  qualilies  of  man.  WoHe  and 
Montcalm  are  little  known,  and  scarcely  thought 
of  out  of  Quebec,  except  by  the  historical  student ; 
but  that  elegy  in  the  Country  Church-yard^  which 
Wolfe  may  almost  be  supposed  to  have  recited  un- 
consciously in  anticipation,  as  his  own  funeral  dirge, 
will  be  read,  admired  and  repeated,  where  neither 
of  those  chiefs  will  be  named,  and  when  Wolfe's 
marble  cenotaph  in  Westminster  Abbey  t^ail  have 
crumbled  to  atoms,  and  the  Cluebec  Monument  to 
Wolfe  and  Montcahn  rfiall  have  disappeated  with- 
out a  solitary  vestige  of  its  prior  existence. 

To  the  honor  of  those  commanders  a  Monument 
is  now  erected,  of  which  conspicuons  ornament  of 
the  city,  especially  as  beheld  from  the  water — the 


ST 

vignette  is  a  graphic  delineation.  To  the  top  ot  tiic 
basement,  the  Monument  is  tliirteen  feet  in  height ; 
and  thence  to  the  bottom  of  the  pillar  is  seven  feet 
three  inches.  The  pillar  measures  forty-two  feet, 
eight  inches,  and  the  cap  two  feet  one  inch — thus 
from  the  ground  to  the  apex,  the  altitude  is  sixty- 
five  feet.  At  the  base  of  the  pillar,  the  sides  are 
six  f^et  by  four  feet  eight  inches,  gradually  taner- 
ing  to  the  cap^  where  the  sides  are  contraciea  to 
three  feet  two  mches,  by  two  feet  five  inches. 
The  Monument  displays  the  following  inscription: 

yORTIlM 

VI9TV8  co9imuni:m; 


■  il 


i 


FAMAM  HISTORIA  ; 


MONIfMENTVM    POSTERITAS 


I 


DEDIT. 


Il 

r 


«. 


IXTSRATimB. 


I     t. 

h 


1.  Literary  and  Historical  Ssciety. — In  the 
year  1824,  under  the  auspices  of  the  late  governor, 
an  Institution  was  organized,  entitled  the  Literary 
and  Historical  Society  of  Quebec,  the  Members  of 
which  were  chiefly  gentlemen  of  high  oflScial  rank 
in  the  Province. 

Anxious  to  produce  a  literary  and  scientific  stim- 
ulous  among  persons  professionally  qualified  to  ex- 
tend the  inf&ence  of  works  of  genius  and  taste,  in 
the  year  1827,  a  number  of  gentlemen  associated 
themselves  under  the  designation  of  the  Society  for 
the  Encouragement  of  Arts  and  Sciences  in  Ca- 
nada. 

Beneficial  results  have  already  flowed  from  those 
Societies.  A  considerable  spirit  of  emulation  has 
been  elicited,  and  they  now  combine  an  eflicient 
body  of  active  members,  harmoniously  co-operat- 
ing to  disseminate  the  varied  intelligence  to  which 
their  eflbrte  are  directed. 

These  two  societies  anticipating  that  their  joint 
energies  would  be  more  eflicacious  than  their  sep- 
arate exertions,  were  lately  consolidated  into  one  in- 
stitution under  the  above  title  ;  thus  coalescing  all 
that  can  give  stability  and  impulse  to  their  import- 
ant pursuits.  For  the  evolution  of  native  genius, 
the  extension  of  knowledge  and  the  interests  of  plii- 
lanthropy,  this  society  will  soon  exercise  a  com- 
manding influence  in  the  Province. 

Their  Museum  is  open  for  the  reception  of  visit 
ors,  in  the  building,  corner  of  Fort  street,  occupied 
Ibr  the  public  ofllces  of  (ho  Government,  and  perwin.- 


b( 
ai 


)^9 


the 

irnor, 

jrary 

;rs  01 

rank 

stim- 
to  ex- 
ste,  in 
€iated 

ty  for 
in  Ca- 

n  those 
ion  has 
efficient 
operat- 
I  which 

ir  joint 
eir  sep- 
)  one  in- 
cing  all 
import - 
genius, 
^  of  phi- 
a  com- 

of  visit 

)cciipi^<l 
perKf)nt- 


ol' taste  and  science  will  be  gratified  by  an  inspec- 
tion of  its  varied  contents. 

It  already-  comprises  about  fifteen  hundred  miner- 
alogical  and  geological  specimens  from  foreign  coun- 
tries ;  and  about  two  hundred  of  the  same  genera 
from  Lakes  Huron  and  Superior — with  a  diversity 
of  native  samples. 

There  are  also  a  few  subjects  of  Natural  History 
in  ornithology  and  zoology — seventy  different  indi- 
generous  wood — twenty  mathematical  models — a 
bowl  from  Herculaneum — some  entomologfcal  spe- 
cies— a  rich  botanical  variety — a  select  scientiffc  li- 
brary, including  part  of  the  original  Journals  of  the 
House  of  Commons  during  the  latter  years  of  Char- 
les I.  supposed  to  have  been  brought  from  England 
to  Connecticut  by  Gofl'or  Whalley,  who  were  two 
of  the  Judges  of  the  trial  of  that  King.  The  collec- 
tion also  comprises  a  number  of  conchological  spe- 
cimens, both  provincial  and  exotic. 

The  room  is  adorned  with  paintings,  which  have 
been  loaned  to  the  Society  by  Mr.  Legare,  a  native 
artist  of  taste  and  genius. 

Strangers  who  visit  Quebec  either  for  recreation 
or  an  increase  of  knowlege — will  be  amply  repaid 
for  the  time  devoted  to  an  exploration  or  the  vari- 
ous subjects  collected  together  in  the  Museum  of 
the  Literary  and  Historical  Society. 

2.  Chasseur's  Museum.—"  Ask  now  the  beast?; 
and  they  shall  teach  thee,  and  the  fowls  of  the  air 
and  they  shall  tell  thee."  This  is  a  valuable  col- 
lection, consisting  chiefly  of  indigenous  specimens, 
and  combines  a  rich  variety  of  ornithological  and 
zoological  subjects,  which  include  the  different  gen- 


UfM 


.*^ 


:'f»g 


..fi 


.11 


9a 


r   ' 


era  and  species,  that  have  hitherto  been  discovered 
in  those  Provinces. 

Amateurs  of  the  works  of  nature  will  be^  gratified 
by  a  survey  of  this  establishiiaent,  as  "the  birds  of 
the  air  and  the  beasts  o^  the  fi^d,"  all  sipparentiy 
disclose  the  bes^uty  and  freshness  of  actual  vitality. 

3.  Education. — In  addition  to  the  Roman  Seini* 
inar^,  and  the  school  ot  the  Ursuline  Nuns,  tliere 
are  ui  Quebec,  the  Rayal  Grammar  School,  and 
liie  CiassicaJ  Acadeimy,  in  which  ai*  taught  the 
Latin  and  Greek  languages.  Of  all  the  subjects 
usually  comprehianded  in  an  extended  English  edu* 
cajti^n.  there  are  excellent  tutors.  The  National 
School — thie  €tuebec  Education  Society — Mr.  Per-* 
auit's  School,  and  the  British  and  Canadia  Schoqln 
are  chiefly  elementary — the  two  fonner  are  moro 
restricted — but  the  fburth  is  a  liancasteiian  School, 
admitting  childreo  upon  the  broadest  principle  of 
phitan^ropy.  There  are  also  four  Sunday  Schools 
m  the  city,  which  produce  very  beneficial  results 
upon  the  minds  of  youth— nevertheless  in  reference 
to  the  state  of  education  for  boys,  and  especially  for 
girls  "  there  reiiiaineth  yet  very  much  land  to  be 


4.  Books. — There  are  several  Book-storesin  the  city 
but  their  busmess  is  more  in  stationary  articles,  than 
printed  volume*. 

The  Garrison  popsess  a  library  which  is  confined 
to  the  military.  There  is  also  a  Circulating  Libra- 
ry, which  is  composed  chiefly  ol*  miscellaneous  fight 
••eading.  Tiie  Quebec  Library,  as  it  is  denomina- 
tf^d,  contair^  several  thousand  volumes,  and  com-j 
|)ii«esa  grent  vavi'cly  of  standard  work^?,  both  Eng- 


01 

lish  and  French.  Viskors  may  very  profitably  de- 
vote a  morning  to  the  survey  of  the  booios  belonging 
to  this  society. 

5.  Typography. — Within  the  city  are  three 
Printing  Offices,  which  arc  employed  chiefly  for  the 
public  Dusiness,  hand-bills,  and  upon  newspapers. 
Of  these  four  at  present  are  issued.  The  Quebec 
Gazette  was  commenced  in  the  year  1764,  and  for 
some  time  was  promulged  only  on  Thursday,  it  has 
however  for  many  years  been  published  twice  week- 
ly. The  Mercury  is  also  distnbuted  twiceper  week. 
The  Oflicial  Gazette  appears  only  on  the  Thursday. 
The  Star  is  issued  on  VVednesdav  and  Saturdav. 


IS- 

t 


'II 


llA 


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it 


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►BttANTBtBOPlC 


HJiSTlTlWM^WS. 


A' 


The  Medical  and  Ag^^tu^,,Sfro5"S 

course  re^^'^i^^"^  .^"".iu^^^^^^^^  ^'>'  *•*  '*™ 

Similar  t^.^^'^^^Jj^fe  aver?  S^^t^^y  ^^^^^'^^  "" 
purposes,  they  Produv£  a  very 

?he  health  and  H««I*'^^?^yf  charitable  incorporation 
'  The  Trinity  Housej  a  Chan       ^^^^  pi,„^  and 

for  the  advantage  and J^Xas       ^^^  ^„    ort  ol 
their  relief  in  "W  age,  as  well  as  ^^^  „pon 

Seir  ^dows  and  c^W^^^Ush  establishments  ol 
similar  pnnciplee,  as  ui^- 
the  same  name. 


]'' 


There  are  also  a  Benevolent  and  a  Friendly  Sb 
ciety  instituted  for  the  support  of  their  members  in 
sickness  and  debility. 

The  Compassionate  Society  is  especially  dedicated 
to  females — and  particularly  to  poor  women  during 
their  pregnancy  and  confinement. 

The  Orphan  Asylum  is  in  successful  operation. 

But  the  most  important  of  all  these  species  of 
associations,  is  the  Quebec  Institution  to  suppress 
Mendicity  and  find  employment  for  the  poor  who 
are  willing  to  labour.  It  has  tended  to  diminish 
greatly  that  intolerable  nuisance,  street-begging, 
with  its  invariable  concomitants,  indolence,  corrup- 
tion, wretchedness  and  pilfering.  The  long  accus- 
tomed practice  of  encouraging  a  horde  of  lazy 
mendicants  could  not  be  destroyed  at  once,  but  if 
the  same  system  be  pursued,  and  all  persons  would 
resolutely  co-operate,  this  bribe  for  impudence  and 
imposture  would  be  no  longer  attainable,  and  the 
spirit  of  industry  would  be  generally  diflused. 

2.  Religious. — Of  tliese  institutions  there  are  five, 
all  of  which  are  connected  with  the  Parent  Societies 
of  London. 

The  Diocesan  Society  for  promoting  Christian 
Knowledge,  which  is  under  the  patronage  and  su- 
perintendence of  the  Protestant  Kishop  of  Cluebec. 

The  Quebec  Bible  Society,  and  Ladies'  Bible 
S()ciety.  These  are  Auxiliary  to  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society. 

The  Gluebec  Religious  Tract  Society. 

The  Methodist  Missionary  Society. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  describe  them,  as  they  are  all 
conducted  upon  the  principles  of  similar  bodies 
throughout  the  world. 


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The  Quebec  Exchange  Reading  Room  waa  in- 
stituted in  1817.  by  subscription,  and  is  at  present 
upported  by  all  the  principal  Merchants  in  the 
city.  A  large  number  of  newspapers  from  Great 
Bntain  and  the  United  States,  and  the  principal 
Magazines,  are  constantly  received.  Strangers  are 
admitted,  when  introduced  by  a  subscriber. 

The  edifice  is  sixty-five  feet,  in  length,  by  thirty- 
four  broad^— and  the  ground  floor  is  appropriated  foe 
a  Piazza.  On  the  first  story  is  the  Reaiiing  Room^ 
fifty  feet  long  and  thirty  feet  wide,  occupying  with 
the  lobby  and  stair  case  the  whole  space.  Above  is 
a  room  for  the  Committee  of  Trade — ^a  deposit  room 
and  four  other  apartments. 

The  Committee  of  Trade  to  ffuard  the  interests 
of  the  merchants,  and  for  the  other  usual  amicable 
commercial  purposes,  was  instituted  in  1809;  and 
like  all  other  similar  associations,  their  labours  are 
highly  salutary  to  secure  their  privileges,  withstand 
imposition  upon  trade,  and  to  promote  unifoniuty  in 
all  mercantile  transactions. 


1.  Banks. — The  Bank  of  Quebec  transacts  its 
business  in  the  lower  story  of  the  house  belonging 
to  the  Fire  Assurance  Company  in  Peter  street. 
'J'he  Branch  of  (he  Montreal  Bank  occupy  a  house 


9S 

ill  the  game  stieet.     They  ai'e  both  joint  stock 
companies, 

2.  Insurance.— Besides  the  Quebec  Fire  Assur- 
ance Office,  several  agencies  of  compauies  in  lion- 
don  and  the  United  States,  are  appointed  for  ak»ur- 
ing  hazards  by  fire — bewdes  an  agency  for  insuring 
hves. 

There  is  also  an  active  Fire  Society  in  Quebec ; 
and  great  encouragement  is  given  to  those  who 
display  most  energy  and  alacrity  in  supplying  wa- 
ter to  extinguish  the  desolating  element 

3.  Markets. — ^In  no  public  convenience  is  due- 
bee  at  present  more  deficient  than  in  its  Market-pla- 
ces. The  Lower  Town  Market,  as  it  is  called  by 
a  strange  misnomer,  is  not  sufficiently  capacious  for 
the  supply  of  provisions  for  a  petty  village — and 
during  the  navigable  season,  when  the  port  is  full 
of  shipping)  its  insufficiency  is  tantamount  to  a  par- 
tial embEurgo.  A  stranger,  lately  conducted  there, 
thought  his  guide  was  hoaxing  him,  when  he  as- 
sured him  that  the  little  space  he  wbb  traversing 
was  a  market. 

The  Upper  Town  Markel,  although  more  extend- 
ed, from  the  hay,  fire-wood,  and  every  other  species 
of  lumber,  is  literally  so  cre^mmed  in  every  Inter- 
stice, that  no  person  satisfactorily  attends  the  Mar- 
ket In  addition  to  which,  it  is  often  dangerous  to 
walk  about  amid  restive,  untractable  horses,  which 
unnecessarily  fill  up  much  of  the  space  that  should 
be  otherwise  occupied.  It  has  the  appearance  of  a 
horse-market  or  fair,  as  much  as  any  thir^g — aiid  it 
is  truly  astonishing  that  in  so  restricted  a  plat,  a  re  • 

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96 

ji^ulation  is  not  enforcecl,  to  keep  all  horses  out  of 
the  market,  alter  the  cart  or  sled  is  pitched.  In  an 
area  so  confined  and  incommodious,  as  to  exclude 
all  ease  and  comfort,  the  banishment  of  the  quadru- 
peds would  essentially  promote  the  public  conve- 
nience. 


4.  Rivers. — Two  bridges  unite  the  shores  of  the 
Charles  river— one  from  9ie  Roch's  Suburb,  and  the 
other  about  two  miles  above.  The  communication 
with  Point  Levi  is  maintained  by  a  sseam-boat, 
and  horse-boat,  continually  crossing  during  the  na- 
vigable season. 

The  means  of  intercourse  between  Quebec  and 
Montreal  are  amply  sufficient.  Two  steam- boatt^ 
ordinarily  leave  each  port  daily,  during  the  summer 
season.  From  the  commencement  of  the  winter, 
and  throughout  its  continuance,  two  stages  for  fou)* 
passengers  run  between  the  two  cities  thnce  weekly; 
performing  the  journey,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
miles,  very  comfortably  in  two  days  and  a  night. 


e 


It  was  intended  to  have  subjoined  some  minutei 
information  respecting  the  Pilots — the  Post  Office 
and  the  Custom  House  duties ;  but  as  all  needilil 
intelligence  upon  these  subjects  can  be  so  easily  at  • 
taineaby  a  reference  to  the  Montreal  auniial,  al- 
ready recommended  for  that  purpose — it  was  deem- 
ed irrelevant  to  the  chief  design  proposed  l^y  this 
Picture  op  Quebec. 


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REFEBENCSE8S  TO  THE  MAP. 


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A.  Castle  of  St.  Lewis. 

B.  Parliament  HQuse* 

C.  Court  House. 

D.  Commissaxiat. 

E.  Engineer's  Office. 

F   Louis  street  Barracks- 
G.  Military  Hospital. 
H.  Public  Offices. 
i.  Barracks. 
J.  Jail 

K.  Artillery  Barracks. 
L.  Public  Ware  House. 
M.  ftuebec  Exchange. 
N.  Fire  Insurance  Office. 
O.  Intendant's  Old  Palace. 
P.  Episcopal  Church. 
Q.  Catholic  Church. 
R.  Presbyterian  Cbmch. 


I 


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S.  Trinitv  Chapel. 
T.  St.  JoWfl  Chapel. 
U.Conmganiste  Church  . 
V.  St.  Koch's  Cdurch. 
W.  Methodist  Chaoel. 
X.  Lower  Town  Church. 
Y.  National  School. 
Z.  St.  Roch's  School. 

a.  Seminary. 

b.  Ursuline  Convent 

c.  Hotel  Dieu  Nunnery. 

d.  General  Hospital. 

1.  Diamond  Harbour. 

2.  Carman's  Wharf. 

3.  Fraser'ia  Wharf. 

4.  Gunboat  Wharf. 

5.  Symes'  Wharf. 

6.  Heath  A  Moir's  Wharf. 

7.  Cape  Diamond  WTiarf. 

8.  Jones'  Wharf. 

9.  Anderson's  Wharf. 

10.  Irvine's  Wharf. 

11.  Finlay's  Wharf. 

12.  King's  Wharf. 

13.  Burnet's  Wharf. 

14.  Queen's  Wharf. 

15.  M'CaUum's  Wharf. 

16.  Hunt's  Wharf. 

17.  Goudie's  Wharf. 

18.  BeU's  Wharf 

19.  Lampson's  Wharf. 

20.  Quirouet's  Wharf. 

21.  Dumas'  Wharf 

22.  Morrison's  Wharf. 

23.  Tremain's  Wharf. 


24.  Hunter's  Whari: 
26.  Wilwn's  Wharf. 

26.  Vanvelson's  Wharf 

27.  Smith's  Wharf. 

28.  Beaupre's  Wharf. 

29.  Gorbin's  Wharf. 

30.  Grant's  Wharf. 

31.  Taylor's  Ship  Yard. 

32.  Pozer's  Wharf. 

33.  M'CaUum's  Wharf. 
84.  Bell's  Ship  Yard. 

35.  Government  Wharf. 

36.  Munn's  Ship  Yard. 
36.  Goudie's  Ship  Yard. 


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Armory    ^ 
Banks 
Barracks 
Berthier 
Books 

Cape  Diamond 
Cafitle  of  St.  Lewis 
Charitable  Societies  * 
Chafiseur's  Museum 
Chaudiere 
Citadel 
Civil  Edifices 
Commerce 
Court  House 
Directory- 
Ecclesiastical  Edifices 
Education 
Engravings 
Episcopal  Church 
[Exchange 
"Excursions 


Page. 
81 
94 
81 
19 
90 
34 
76 
92 
89 
40 
80 
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General  Hospital 
HoUl  Dieu 
Ixurumnce 
Itinerary 

Jacques  Cartier  River 
Jail 

John's  Chapel 
Lake  Charles 
La  Prairie       ?  - 
Lawrence  River 
Literary  and  Historical  Society 
Literai(are 

Lorette       -  -  , 

Lower  Town  Church 
Markets 

Martello  Towers 
Methodist  Chapel       ^ 
Military  Edifices       ' 
Montmorenci  - 

Montreal 
Monument 

Mcolet  "  ^ 

Panorama  of  Quebec 
Plurliament  House 
PSBiul'sBay  -  - 

Philanthrophic  Institutions 
BDint  Levi 
Point  Levi  Churches 
Ihresbyterian  Church 
Protestant  Burying  Ghround 
Public  Offices 
Public  Wardiousc 
<)uebec 

.^ebec.  described    «   ^ 
'/5C  Driving  Club 


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Railway 

Religious  Societieis 
Rivers 

Roch's  Church 
Roman  Church 
Roman  CongregaticM:^ 
Seminary 
Sorel 

Three  Rivers 
Trinity  Chai)cl     - 
Typography 
Ursuime  Conv< 


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82 
93 
96 
65 
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